Effects of Stocking Density on the Growth Performance, Physiological Parameters, Antioxidant Status and Lipid Metabolism of <i>Pelteobagrus fulvidraco</i> in the Integrated Rice-Fish Farming System
<i>Pelteobagrus fulvidraco</i> is a freshwater fish commonly raised in rice fields, yet the optimal stocking density for this species remains unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the appropriate stocking density of <i>P. fulvidraco</i> in integrated rice–fish f...
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/11/1721 |
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| author | Weixu Diao Rui Jia Yiran Hou Yin Dong Bing Li Jian Zhu |
| author_facet | Weixu Diao Rui Jia Yiran Hou Yin Dong Bing Li Jian Zhu |
| author_sort | Weixu Diao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Pelteobagrus fulvidraco</i> is a freshwater fish commonly raised in rice fields, yet the optimal stocking density for this species remains unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the appropriate stocking density of <i>P. fulvidraco</i> in integrated rice–fish farming systems. Three different stocking densities––low density (LD, 125 g/m<sup>2</sup>), middle density (MD, 187.5 g/m<sup>2</sup>), and high density (HD, 250 g/m<sup>2</sup>)––were set up to evaluate <i>P. fulvidraco</i>’s growth performance, stress indices, immune function, antioxidant status, and lipid metabolism after 90 days of farming. The results indicated that HD treatment had a detrimental effect on <i>P. fulvidraco</i>’s growth parameters. HD treatment led to an increase in cortisol (Cor) and lactate (La) levels, but a decrease in glucose (Glu) content in serum. After 90 days of farming, an immune response accompanied by the increase of complement 3 (C3), C4, and immunoglobulin M (IgM) was observed in the HD group. Meanwhile, HD treatment induced oxidative stress and altered antioxidative status evidenced by the levels of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in serum or liver. Additionally, the lipid metabolism-related genes including lipoprotein lipase (<i>lpl</i>), peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor (<i>pparα</i>), carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (<i>cpt-1</i>), and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (<i>srebp-1</i>) were markedly downregulated in the HD and/or MD group after 90 days of farming. In conclusion, this study contributes to a better understanding of <i>P. fulvidraco</i>’s response to different stocking densities in integrated rice–fish farming systems. We suggest that the appropriate stocking density for <i>P. fulvidraco</i> in these farming systems should be below 250 g/m<sup>2</sup>, considering both fish growth and physiological responses. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:12:55Z |
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| id | doaj.art-d943af9766cd489899188eb9dc4654d4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:12:55Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-d943af9766cd489899188eb9dc4654d42023-11-18T07:28:50ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152023-05-011311172110.3390/ani13111721Effects of Stocking Density on the Growth Performance, Physiological Parameters, Antioxidant Status and Lipid Metabolism of <i>Pelteobagrus fulvidraco</i> in the Integrated Rice-Fish Farming SystemWeixu Diao0Rui Jia1Yiran Hou2Yin Dong3Bing Li4Jian Zhu5Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, ChinaWuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, ChinaWuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, ChinaWuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, ChinaWuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, ChinaWuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China<i>Pelteobagrus fulvidraco</i> is a freshwater fish commonly raised in rice fields, yet the optimal stocking density for this species remains unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the appropriate stocking density of <i>P. fulvidraco</i> in integrated rice–fish farming systems. Three different stocking densities––low density (LD, 125 g/m<sup>2</sup>), middle density (MD, 187.5 g/m<sup>2</sup>), and high density (HD, 250 g/m<sup>2</sup>)––were set up to evaluate <i>P. fulvidraco</i>’s growth performance, stress indices, immune function, antioxidant status, and lipid metabolism after 90 days of farming. The results indicated that HD treatment had a detrimental effect on <i>P. fulvidraco</i>’s growth parameters. HD treatment led to an increase in cortisol (Cor) and lactate (La) levels, but a decrease in glucose (Glu) content in serum. After 90 days of farming, an immune response accompanied by the increase of complement 3 (C3), C4, and immunoglobulin M (IgM) was observed in the HD group. Meanwhile, HD treatment induced oxidative stress and altered antioxidative status evidenced by the levels of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in serum or liver. Additionally, the lipid metabolism-related genes including lipoprotein lipase (<i>lpl</i>), peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor (<i>pparα</i>), carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (<i>cpt-1</i>), and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (<i>srebp-1</i>) were markedly downregulated in the HD and/or MD group after 90 days of farming. In conclusion, this study contributes to a better understanding of <i>P. fulvidraco</i>’s response to different stocking densities in integrated rice–fish farming systems. We suggest that the appropriate stocking density for <i>P. fulvidraco</i> in these farming systems should be below 250 g/m<sup>2</sup>, considering both fish growth and physiological responses.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/11/1721physiological stress responseoxidative stressmetabolism functionimmune response |
| spellingShingle | Weixu Diao Rui Jia Yiran Hou Yin Dong Bing Li Jian Zhu Effects of Stocking Density on the Growth Performance, Physiological Parameters, Antioxidant Status and Lipid Metabolism of <i>Pelteobagrus fulvidraco</i> in the Integrated Rice-Fish Farming System Animals physiological stress response oxidative stress metabolism function immune response |
| title | Effects of Stocking Density on the Growth Performance, Physiological Parameters, Antioxidant Status and Lipid Metabolism of <i>Pelteobagrus fulvidraco</i> in the Integrated Rice-Fish Farming System |
| title_full | Effects of Stocking Density on the Growth Performance, Physiological Parameters, Antioxidant Status and Lipid Metabolism of <i>Pelteobagrus fulvidraco</i> in the Integrated Rice-Fish Farming System |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Stocking Density on the Growth Performance, Physiological Parameters, Antioxidant Status and Lipid Metabolism of <i>Pelteobagrus fulvidraco</i> in the Integrated Rice-Fish Farming System |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Stocking Density on the Growth Performance, Physiological Parameters, Antioxidant Status and Lipid Metabolism of <i>Pelteobagrus fulvidraco</i> in the Integrated Rice-Fish Farming System |
| title_short | Effects of Stocking Density on the Growth Performance, Physiological Parameters, Antioxidant Status and Lipid Metabolism of <i>Pelteobagrus fulvidraco</i> in the Integrated Rice-Fish Farming System |
| title_sort | effects of stocking density on the growth performance physiological parameters antioxidant status and lipid metabolism of i pelteobagrus fulvidraco i in the integrated rice fish farming system |
| topic | physiological stress response oxidative stress metabolism function immune response |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/11/1721 |
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