The Origin of the Difference between Space and Time
All differences between the role of space and time in nature are explained by proposing principles in which none of the spacetime coordinates has an a priori special role. Spacetime is treated as a non-dynamical manifold, with a fixed global <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.o...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Symmetry |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/4/957 |
| _version_ | 1797603388663267328 |
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| author | Hrvoje Nikolić |
| author_facet | Hrvoje Nikolić |
| author_sort | Hrvoje Nikolić |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | All differences between the role of space and time in nature are explained by proposing principles in which none of the spacetime coordinates has an a priori special role. Spacetime is treated as a non-dynamical manifold, with a fixed global <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi><mi>D</mi></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> topology. The dynamical theory of gravity determines only the metric tensor on a fixed manifold. All dynamics is treated as a Cauchy problem, so it follows that one coordinate takes a special role. It is proposed that <i>any</i> boundary condition that is finite everywhere leads to a solution which is also finite everywhere. This explains the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><mi>D</mi><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> signature of the metric, the boundedness of energy from below, the absence of tachyons, and other related properties of nature. The time arrow is explained by proposing that the boundary condition should be ordered. The quantization is considered as a boundary condition for field operators. Only the physical degrees of freedom are quantized. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:29:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d94b3a8d4b624e4993097cdbc5aeee91 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-8994 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:29:28Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Symmetry |
| spelling | doaj.art-d94b3a8d4b624e4993097cdbc5aeee912023-11-17T21:35:08ZengMDPI AGSymmetry2073-89942023-04-0115495710.3390/sym15040957The Origin of the Difference between Space and TimeHrvoje Nikolić0Theoretical Physics Division, Rudjer Bošković Institute, P.O.B. 180, HR-10002 Zagreb, CroatiaAll differences between the role of space and time in nature are explained by proposing principles in which none of the spacetime coordinates has an a priori special role. Spacetime is treated as a non-dynamical manifold, with a fixed global <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi><mi>D</mi></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> topology. The dynamical theory of gravity determines only the metric tensor on a fixed manifold. All dynamics is treated as a Cauchy problem, so it follows that one coordinate takes a special role. It is proposed that <i>any</i> boundary condition that is finite everywhere leads to a solution which is also finite everywhere. This explains the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><mi>D</mi><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> signature of the metric, the boundedness of energy from below, the absence of tachyons, and other related properties of nature. The time arrow is explained by proposing that the boundary condition should be ordered. The quantization is considered as a boundary condition for field operators. Only the physical degrees of freedom are quantized.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/4/957spacetimespacetime |
| spellingShingle | Hrvoje Nikolić The Origin of the Difference between Space and Time Symmetry space time spacetime |
| title | The Origin of the Difference between Space and Time |
| title_full | The Origin of the Difference between Space and Time |
| title_fullStr | The Origin of the Difference between Space and Time |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Origin of the Difference between Space and Time |
| title_short | The Origin of the Difference between Space and Time |
| title_sort | origin of the difference between space and time |
| topic | space time spacetime |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/15/4/957 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hrvojenikolic theoriginofthedifferencebetweenspaceandtime AT hrvojenikolic originofthedifferencebetweenspaceandtime |