Multi-Scale Landscape Influences on Genetic Diversity and Adaptive Traits in a Neotropical Savanna Tree
Changes in landscape structure can affect essential population ecological features, such as dispersal and recruitment, and thus genetic processes. Here, we analyze the effects of landscape metrics on adaptive quantitative traits variation, evolutionary potential, and on neutral genetic diversity in...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Genetics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fgene.2020.00259/full |
| _version_ | 1818924697952190464 |
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| author | Rosane Garcia Collevatti Juliana Silveira dos Santos Juliana Silveira dos Santos Fernanda Fraga Rosa Tatiana S. Amaral Lazaro José Chaves Milton Cezar Ribeiro |
| author_facet | Rosane Garcia Collevatti Juliana Silveira dos Santos Juliana Silveira dos Santos Fernanda Fraga Rosa Tatiana S. Amaral Lazaro José Chaves Milton Cezar Ribeiro |
| author_sort | Rosane Garcia Collevatti |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Changes in landscape structure can affect essential population ecological features, such as dispersal and recruitment, and thus genetic processes. Here, we analyze the effects of landscape metrics on adaptive quantitative traits variation, evolutionary potential, and on neutral genetic diversity in populations of the Neotropical savanna tree Tabebuia aurea. Using a multi-scale approach, we sampled five landscapes with two sites of savanna in each. To obtain neutral genetic variation, we genotyped 60 adult individuals from each site using 10 microsatellite loci. We measured seed size and mass. Seeds were grown in nursery in completely randomized experimental design and 17 traits were measured in seedlings to obtain the average, additive genetic variance (Va) and coefficient of variation (CVa%), which measures evolvability, for each trait. We found that habitat loss increased genetic diversity (He) and allelic richness (AR), and decreased genetic differentiation among populations (FST), most likely due to longer dispersal distance of pollen in landscapes with lower density of flowering individuals. Habitat amount positively influenced seed size. Seeds of T. aurea are wind-dispersed and larger seeds may be dispersed to short distance, increasing genetic differentiation and decreasing genetic diversity and allelic richness. Evolvability (CVa%) in root length decreased with habitat amount. Savanna trees have higher root than shoot growth rate in the initial stages, allowing seedlings to obtain water from water tables. Landscapes with lower habitat amount may be more stressful for plant species, due to the lower plant density, edge effects and the negative impacts of agroecosystems. In these landscapes, larger roots may provide higher ability to obtain water, increasing survival and avoiding dying back because of fire. Despite the very recent agriculture expansion in Central Brazil, landscape changes are affecting neutral and adaptive variation in T. aurea. Several populations have low additive genetic variation for some traits and thus, may have limited evolvability, which may jeopardize species long-term persistence. The effect of habitat loss on highly variable neutral loci may only be detected after a certain threshold of population size is attained, that could become dangerously small masking important losses of heterozygosity endangering species conservation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T02:29:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d9574594ce4848b4a223c72992850798 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-8021 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T02:29:27Z |
| publishDate | 2020-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Genetics |
| spelling | doaj.art-d9574594ce4848b4a223c729928507982022-12-21T19:56:36ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Genetics1664-80212020-03-011110.3389/fgene.2020.00259508563Multi-Scale Landscape Influences on Genetic Diversity and Adaptive Traits in a Neotropical Savanna TreeRosane Garcia Collevatti0Juliana Silveira dos Santos1Juliana Silveira dos Santos2Fernanda Fraga Rosa3Tatiana S. Amaral4Lazaro José Chaves5Milton Cezar Ribeiro6Laboratório de Genética & Biodiversidade, ICB, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, BrazilLaboratório de Genética & Biodiversidade, ICB, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, BrazilLaboratório de Ecologia Espacial e Conservação (LEEC), Departamento de Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Rio Claro, BrazilLaboratório de Genética & Biodiversidade, ICB, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, BrazilLaboratório de Genética & Biodiversidade, ICB, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, BrazilEscola de Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, BrazilLaboratório de Ecologia Espacial e Conservação (LEEC), Departamento de Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Rio Claro, BrazilChanges in landscape structure can affect essential population ecological features, such as dispersal and recruitment, and thus genetic processes. Here, we analyze the effects of landscape metrics on adaptive quantitative traits variation, evolutionary potential, and on neutral genetic diversity in populations of the Neotropical savanna tree Tabebuia aurea. Using a multi-scale approach, we sampled five landscapes with two sites of savanna in each. To obtain neutral genetic variation, we genotyped 60 adult individuals from each site using 10 microsatellite loci. We measured seed size and mass. Seeds were grown in nursery in completely randomized experimental design and 17 traits were measured in seedlings to obtain the average, additive genetic variance (Va) and coefficient of variation (CVa%), which measures evolvability, for each trait. We found that habitat loss increased genetic diversity (He) and allelic richness (AR), and decreased genetic differentiation among populations (FST), most likely due to longer dispersal distance of pollen in landscapes with lower density of flowering individuals. Habitat amount positively influenced seed size. Seeds of T. aurea are wind-dispersed and larger seeds may be dispersed to short distance, increasing genetic differentiation and decreasing genetic diversity and allelic richness. Evolvability (CVa%) in root length decreased with habitat amount. Savanna trees have higher root than shoot growth rate in the initial stages, allowing seedlings to obtain water from water tables. Landscapes with lower habitat amount may be more stressful for plant species, due to the lower plant density, edge effects and the negative impacts of agroecosystems. In these landscapes, larger roots may provide higher ability to obtain water, increasing survival and avoiding dying back because of fire. Despite the very recent agriculture expansion in Central Brazil, landscape changes are affecting neutral and adaptive variation in T. aurea. Several populations have low additive genetic variation for some traits and thus, may have limited evolvability, which may jeopardize species long-term persistence. The effect of habitat loss on highly variable neutral loci may only be detected after a certain threshold of population size is attained, that could become dangerously small masking important losses of heterozygosity endangering species conservation.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fgene.2020.00259/fullagroecosystemBignoniaceaeCerradofragmentationgenetic diversitylandscape genetics |
| spellingShingle | Rosane Garcia Collevatti Juliana Silveira dos Santos Juliana Silveira dos Santos Fernanda Fraga Rosa Tatiana S. Amaral Lazaro José Chaves Milton Cezar Ribeiro Multi-Scale Landscape Influences on Genetic Diversity and Adaptive Traits in a Neotropical Savanna Tree Frontiers in Genetics agroecosystem Bignoniaceae Cerrado fragmentation genetic diversity landscape genetics |
| title | Multi-Scale Landscape Influences on Genetic Diversity and Adaptive Traits in a Neotropical Savanna Tree |
| title_full | Multi-Scale Landscape Influences on Genetic Diversity and Adaptive Traits in a Neotropical Savanna Tree |
| title_fullStr | Multi-Scale Landscape Influences on Genetic Diversity and Adaptive Traits in a Neotropical Savanna Tree |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multi-Scale Landscape Influences on Genetic Diversity and Adaptive Traits in a Neotropical Savanna Tree |
| title_short | Multi-Scale Landscape Influences on Genetic Diversity and Adaptive Traits in a Neotropical Savanna Tree |
| title_sort | multi scale landscape influences on genetic diversity and adaptive traits in a neotropical savanna tree |
| topic | agroecosystem Bignoniaceae Cerrado fragmentation genetic diversity landscape genetics |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fgene.2020.00259/full |
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