The Influence of Myopia on the Foveal Avascular Zone and Density of Blood Vessels of the Macula—An OCTA Study
<i>Background and Objectives:</i> Myopia is the most common refractive eye anomaly with a prevalence that is constantly increasing. High myopia is associated with numerous complications that can lead to permanent vision loss. It is believed that the basis of these complications lies in c...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-02-01
|
| Series: | Medicina |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/59/3/452 |
| _version_ | 1797610319683518464 |
|---|---|
| author | Maja L.J. Živković Lazar Lazić Marko Zlatanovic Nevena Zlatanović Mladen Brzaković Mihailo Jovanović Sava Barišić Diana-Maria Darabus |
| author_facet | Maja L.J. Živković Lazar Lazić Marko Zlatanovic Nevena Zlatanović Mladen Brzaković Mihailo Jovanović Sava Barišić Diana-Maria Darabus |
| author_sort | Maja L.J. Živković |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Background and Objectives:</i> Myopia is the most common refractive eye anomaly with a prevalence that is constantly increasing. High myopia is associated with numerous complications that can lead to permanent vision loss. It is believed that the basis of these complications lies in changes in the microvasculature of the retina caused by an increase in the longitudinal axis of the eye. <i>Materials and Methods:</i> Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) was used to analyze differences in macular zone vascular and perfusion density and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) parameters in myopic subjects. The following OCTA parameters were analyzed: the vessel and perfusion density of retinal blood vessels in the superficial plexus; the area, perimeter, and index of circularity of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ); and foveal and ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness. <i>Results:</i> Subjects with low myopia did not show statistically significant differences compared to the control for any of the analyzed parameters. Groups with moderate and high myopia showed a significant decrease in vessel and perfusion density in the parafoveal and the entire 3 × 3 mm analyzed field. Foveal vessel and perfusion densities in the myopic groups were similar to those of the control regardless of the degree of myopia. The area and perimeter of the FAZ, as well as foveal and mean GCC thickness, did not differ significantly no matter the degree of myopia, while the index of circularity was lower in highly myopic subjects. The minimal thickness of the GCC was also lower in the high myopia group. <i>Conclusions:</i> High and moderate myopia led to a loss of blood vessels in the macular region. Perfusion and vascular densities were preserved in the foveal region and were not affected by different degrees of myopia. The FAZ was not significantly larger in myopic subjects, but its circularity was lower in subjects with high myopia. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:12:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d958fa6f081c44f58eab0c26bcd6360f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1010-660X 1648-9144 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:12:47Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Medicina |
| spelling | doaj.art-d958fa6f081c44f58eab0c26bcd6360f2023-11-17T12:30:49ZengMDPI AGMedicina1010-660X1648-91442023-02-0159345210.3390/medicina59030452The Influence of Myopia on the Foveal Avascular Zone and Density of Blood Vessels of the Macula—An OCTA StudyMaja L.J. Živković0Lazar Lazić1Marko Zlatanovic2Nevena Zlatanović3Mladen Brzaković4Mihailo Jovanović5Sava Barišić6Diana-Maria Darabus7Ophthalmology Clinic, Clinical Center Niš, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 48, 18000 Niš, SerbiaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000 Niš, SerbiaOphthalmology Clinic, Clinical Center Niš, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 48, 18000 Niš, SerbiaCommunity Health Center Niš in Niš, Vojvode Tankosića 15, 18000 Niš, SerbiaSpecial Hospital for Ophthalmology “Clinic Maja”, Vizantijski Bulevar 8, 18000 Nis, SerbiaDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, SerbiaEye Clinic, Clinical Center Vojvodina, Hajduk Veljkova 1-9, 21000 Novi Sad, SerbiaDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Piata Eftimie Murgu, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania<i>Background and Objectives:</i> Myopia is the most common refractive eye anomaly with a prevalence that is constantly increasing. High myopia is associated with numerous complications that can lead to permanent vision loss. It is believed that the basis of these complications lies in changes in the microvasculature of the retina caused by an increase in the longitudinal axis of the eye. <i>Materials and Methods:</i> Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) was used to analyze differences in macular zone vascular and perfusion density and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) parameters in myopic subjects. The following OCTA parameters were analyzed: the vessel and perfusion density of retinal blood vessels in the superficial plexus; the area, perimeter, and index of circularity of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ); and foveal and ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness. <i>Results:</i> Subjects with low myopia did not show statistically significant differences compared to the control for any of the analyzed parameters. Groups with moderate and high myopia showed a significant decrease in vessel and perfusion density in the parafoveal and the entire 3 × 3 mm analyzed field. Foveal vessel and perfusion densities in the myopic groups were similar to those of the control regardless of the degree of myopia. The area and perimeter of the FAZ, as well as foveal and mean GCC thickness, did not differ significantly no matter the degree of myopia, while the index of circularity was lower in highly myopic subjects. The minimal thickness of the GCC was also lower in the high myopia group. <i>Conclusions:</i> High and moderate myopia led to a loss of blood vessels in the macular region. Perfusion and vascular densities were preserved in the foveal region and were not affected by different degrees of myopia. The FAZ was not significantly larger in myopic subjects, but its circularity was lower in subjects with high myopia.https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/59/3/452OCTAmaculavessel densityperfusionmyopiafoveal avascular zone (FAZ) |
| spellingShingle | Maja L.J. Živković Lazar Lazić Marko Zlatanovic Nevena Zlatanović Mladen Brzaković Mihailo Jovanović Sava Barišić Diana-Maria Darabus The Influence of Myopia on the Foveal Avascular Zone and Density of Blood Vessels of the Macula—An OCTA Study Medicina OCTA macula vessel density perfusion myopia foveal avascular zone (FAZ) |
| title | The Influence of Myopia on the Foveal Avascular Zone and Density of Blood Vessels of the Macula—An OCTA Study |
| title_full | The Influence of Myopia on the Foveal Avascular Zone and Density of Blood Vessels of the Macula—An OCTA Study |
| title_fullStr | The Influence of Myopia on the Foveal Avascular Zone and Density of Blood Vessels of the Macula—An OCTA Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Influence of Myopia on the Foveal Avascular Zone and Density of Blood Vessels of the Macula—An OCTA Study |
| title_short | The Influence of Myopia on the Foveal Avascular Zone and Density of Blood Vessels of the Macula—An OCTA Study |
| title_sort | influence of myopia on the foveal avascular zone and density of blood vessels of the macula an octa study |
| topic | OCTA macula vessel density perfusion myopia foveal avascular zone (FAZ) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/59/3/452 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT majaljzivkovic theinfluenceofmyopiaonthefovealavascularzoneanddensityofbloodvesselsofthemaculaanoctastudy AT lazarlazic theinfluenceofmyopiaonthefovealavascularzoneanddensityofbloodvesselsofthemaculaanoctastudy AT markozlatanovic theinfluenceofmyopiaonthefovealavascularzoneanddensityofbloodvesselsofthemaculaanoctastudy AT nevenazlatanovic theinfluenceofmyopiaonthefovealavascularzoneanddensityofbloodvesselsofthemaculaanoctastudy AT mladenbrzakovic theinfluenceofmyopiaonthefovealavascularzoneanddensityofbloodvesselsofthemaculaanoctastudy AT mihailojovanovic theinfluenceofmyopiaonthefovealavascularzoneanddensityofbloodvesselsofthemaculaanoctastudy AT savabarisic theinfluenceofmyopiaonthefovealavascularzoneanddensityofbloodvesselsofthemaculaanoctastudy AT dianamariadarabus theinfluenceofmyopiaonthefovealavascularzoneanddensityofbloodvesselsofthemaculaanoctastudy AT majaljzivkovic influenceofmyopiaonthefovealavascularzoneanddensityofbloodvesselsofthemaculaanoctastudy AT lazarlazic influenceofmyopiaonthefovealavascularzoneanddensityofbloodvesselsofthemaculaanoctastudy AT markozlatanovic influenceofmyopiaonthefovealavascularzoneanddensityofbloodvesselsofthemaculaanoctastudy AT nevenazlatanovic influenceofmyopiaonthefovealavascularzoneanddensityofbloodvesselsofthemaculaanoctastudy AT mladenbrzakovic influenceofmyopiaonthefovealavascularzoneanddensityofbloodvesselsofthemaculaanoctastudy AT mihailojovanovic influenceofmyopiaonthefovealavascularzoneanddensityofbloodvesselsofthemaculaanoctastudy AT savabarisic influenceofmyopiaonthefovealavascularzoneanddensityofbloodvesselsofthemaculaanoctastudy AT dianamariadarabus influenceofmyopiaonthefovealavascularzoneanddensityofbloodvesselsofthemaculaanoctastudy |