Enzyme Inhibition-Based Assay to Estimate the Contribution of Formulants to the Effect of Commercial Pesticide Formulations
Pesticides can affect the health of individual organisms and the function of the entire ecosystem. Therefore, thorough assessment of the risks associated with the use of pesticides is a high-priority task. An enzyme inhibition-based assay is used in this study as a convenient and quick tool to study...
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/3/2268 |
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| author | Elena N. Esimbekova Valeriya P. Kalyabina Kseniya V. Kopylova Victoria I. Lonshakova-Mukina Anna A. Antashkevich Irina G. Torgashina Kirill A. Lukyanenko Elena V. Nemtseva Valentina A. Kratasyuk |
| author_facet | Elena N. Esimbekova Valeriya P. Kalyabina Kseniya V. Kopylova Victoria I. Lonshakova-Mukina Anna A. Antashkevich Irina G. Torgashina Kirill A. Lukyanenko Elena V. Nemtseva Valentina A. Kratasyuk |
| author_sort | Elena N. Esimbekova |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pesticides can affect the health of individual organisms and the function of the entire ecosystem. Therefore, thorough assessment of the risks associated with the use of pesticides is a high-priority task. An enzyme inhibition-based assay is used in this study as a convenient and quick tool to study the effects of pesticides at the molecular level. The contribution of formulants to toxicological properties of the pesticide formulations has been studied by analyzing effects of 7 active ingredients of pesticides (AIas) and 10 commercial formulations based on them (AIfs) on the function of a wide range of enzyme assay systems differing in complexity (single-, coupled, and three-enzyme assay systems). Results have been compared with the effects of AIas and AIfs on bioluminescence of the luminous bacterium <i>Photobacterium phosphoreum</i>. Mostly, AIfs produce a considerably stronger inhibitory effect on the activity of enzyme assay systems and bioluminescence of the luminous bacterium than AIas, which confirms the contribution of formulants to toxicological properties of the pesticide formulation. Results of the current study demonstrate that “inert” ingredients are not ecotoxicologically safe and can considerably augment the inhibitory effect of pesticide formulations; therefore, their use should be controlled more strictly. Circular dichroism and fluorescence spectra of the enzymes used for assays do not show any changes in the protein structure in the presence of commercial pesticide formulations during the assay procedure. This finding suggests that pesticides produce the inhibitory effect on enzymes through other mechanisms. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:42:16Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:42:16Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-d960685f7ad74e1b823b01fd31d7c5392023-11-16T16:54:48ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-01-01243226810.3390/ijms24032268Enzyme Inhibition-Based Assay to Estimate the Contribution of Formulants to the Effect of Commercial Pesticide FormulationsElena N. Esimbekova0Valeriya P. Kalyabina1Kseniya V. Kopylova2Victoria I. Lonshakova-Mukina3Anna A. Antashkevich4Irina G. Torgashina5Kirill A. Lukyanenko6Elena V. Nemtseva7Valentina A. Kratasyuk8Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, RussiaInstitute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, RussiaLaboratory of Cell Molecular Physiology and Pathology, Scientific Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, RussiaInstitute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, RussiaInstitute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, RussiaInstitute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, RussiaInstitute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, RussiaInstitute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, RussiaInstitute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, RussiaPesticides can affect the health of individual organisms and the function of the entire ecosystem. Therefore, thorough assessment of the risks associated with the use of pesticides is a high-priority task. An enzyme inhibition-based assay is used in this study as a convenient and quick tool to study the effects of pesticides at the molecular level. The contribution of formulants to toxicological properties of the pesticide formulations has been studied by analyzing effects of 7 active ingredients of pesticides (AIas) and 10 commercial formulations based on them (AIfs) on the function of a wide range of enzyme assay systems differing in complexity (single-, coupled, and three-enzyme assay systems). Results have been compared with the effects of AIas and AIfs on bioluminescence of the luminous bacterium <i>Photobacterium phosphoreum</i>. Mostly, AIfs produce a considerably stronger inhibitory effect on the activity of enzyme assay systems and bioluminescence of the luminous bacterium than AIas, which confirms the contribution of formulants to toxicological properties of the pesticide formulation. Results of the current study demonstrate that “inert” ingredients are not ecotoxicologically safe and can considerably augment the inhibitory effect of pesticide formulations; therefore, their use should be controlled more strictly. Circular dichroism and fluorescence spectra of the enzymes used for assays do not show any changes in the protein structure in the presence of commercial pesticide formulations during the assay procedure. This finding suggests that pesticides produce the inhibitory effect on enzymes through other mechanisms.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/3/2268enzyme inhibition-based assaypesticidesbioluminescent assayluminous bacteriaconjugated enzyme reactionsformulants |
| spellingShingle | Elena N. Esimbekova Valeriya P. Kalyabina Kseniya V. Kopylova Victoria I. Lonshakova-Mukina Anna A. Antashkevich Irina G. Torgashina Kirill A. Lukyanenko Elena V. Nemtseva Valentina A. Kratasyuk Enzyme Inhibition-Based Assay to Estimate the Contribution of Formulants to the Effect of Commercial Pesticide Formulations International Journal of Molecular Sciences enzyme inhibition-based assay pesticides bioluminescent assay luminous bacteria conjugated enzyme reactions formulants |
| title | Enzyme Inhibition-Based Assay to Estimate the Contribution of Formulants to the Effect of Commercial Pesticide Formulations |
| title_full | Enzyme Inhibition-Based Assay to Estimate the Contribution of Formulants to the Effect of Commercial Pesticide Formulations |
| title_fullStr | Enzyme Inhibition-Based Assay to Estimate the Contribution of Formulants to the Effect of Commercial Pesticide Formulations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enzyme Inhibition-Based Assay to Estimate the Contribution of Formulants to the Effect of Commercial Pesticide Formulations |
| title_short | Enzyme Inhibition-Based Assay to Estimate the Contribution of Formulants to the Effect of Commercial Pesticide Formulations |
| title_sort | enzyme inhibition based assay to estimate the contribution of formulants to the effect of commercial pesticide formulations |
| topic | enzyme inhibition-based assay pesticides bioluminescent assay luminous bacteria conjugated enzyme reactions formulants |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/3/2268 |
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