N‐Acetylcysteine protects against cobalt chloride‐induced endothelial dysfunction by enhancing glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase activity
Hypoxia‐induced endothelial dysfunction is known to be involved in the pathogenesis of several vascular diseases. However, it remains unclear whether the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is involved in regulating the response of endothelial cells to hypoxia. Here, we established an in vitro model by...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2022-08-01
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| Series: | FEBS Open Bio |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/2211-5463.13449 |
| _version_ | 1818179061001748480 |
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| author | Chen Yang Xiaofang Zhang Xilin Ge Chunmei He Suhuan Liu Shuyu Yang Caoxin Huang |
| author_facet | Chen Yang Xiaofang Zhang Xilin Ge Chunmei He Suhuan Liu Shuyu Yang Caoxin Huang |
| author_sort | Chen Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hypoxia‐induced endothelial dysfunction is known to be involved in the pathogenesis of several vascular diseases. However, it remains unclear whether the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is involved in regulating the response of endothelial cells to hypoxia. Here, we established an in vitro model by treating EA.hy926 (a hybrid human umbilical vein cell line) with cobalt chloride (CoCl2; a chemical mimic that stabilizes HIF‐1α, thereby leading to the development of hypoxia), and used this to investigate the involvement of PPP by examining expression of its key enzyme, glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). We report that CoCl2 induces the accumulation of HIF‐1α, leading to endothelial cell dysfunction characterized by reduced cell viability, proliferation, tube formation, and activation of cytokine production, accompanied with a significant decrease in G6PD expression and activity. The addition of 6‐aminonicotinamide (6‐AN) to inhibit PPP directly causes endothelial dysfunction. Additionally, N‐Acetylcysteine (NAC), a precursor of glutathione, was further evaluated for its protective effects; NAC displayed a protective effect against CoCl2‐induced cell damage by enhancing G6PD activity, and this was abrogated by 6‐AN. The effects of CoCl2 and the involvement of G6PD in endothelial dysfunction have been confirmed in primary human aortic endothelial cells. In summary, G6PD was identified as a novel target of CoCl2‐induced damage, which highlighted the involvement of PPP in regulating the response of endothelial cell CoCl2. Treatment with NAC may be a potential strategy to treat hypoxia or ischemia, which are widely observed in vascular diseases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T20:57:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d9679ebb8c8142f7940cb2f088ea99bf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2211-5463 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T20:57:53Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | FEBS Open Bio |
| spelling | doaj.art-d9679ebb8c8142f7940cb2f088ea99bf2022-12-22T00:51:04ZengWileyFEBS Open Bio2211-54632022-08-011281475148810.1002/2211-5463.13449N‐Acetylcysteine protects against cobalt chloride‐induced endothelial dysfunction by enhancing glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase activityChen Yang0Xiaofang Zhang1Xilin Ge2Chunmei He3Suhuan Liu4Shuyu Yang5Caoxin Huang6Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes,The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine Xiamen University Xiamen ChinaDepartment of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes,The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine Xiamen University Xiamen ChinaDepartment of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes,The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine Xiamen University Xiamen ChinaDepartment of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes,The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine Xiamen University Xiamen ChinaDepartment of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes,The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine Xiamen University Xiamen ChinaDepartment of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes,The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine Xiamen University Xiamen ChinaDepartment of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes,The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine Xiamen University Xiamen ChinaHypoxia‐induced endothelial dysfunction is known to be involved in the pathogenesis of several vascular diseases. However, it remains unclear whether the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is involved in regulating the response of endothelial cells to hypoxia. Here, we established an in vitro model by treating EA.hy926 (a hybrid human umbilical vein cell line) with cobalt chloride (CoCl2; a chemical mimic that stabilizes HIF‐1α, thereby leading to the development of hypoxia), and used this to investigate the involvement of PPP by examining expression of its key enzyme, glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). We report that CoCl2 induces the accumulation of HIF‐1α, leading to endothelial cell dysfunction characterized by reduced cell viability, proliferation, tube formation, and activation of cytokine production, accompanied with a significant decrease in G6PD expression and activity. The addition of 6‐aminonicotinamide (6‐AN) to inhibit PPP directly causes endothelial dysfunction. Additionally, N‐Acetylcysteine (NAC), a precursor of glutathione, was further evaluated for its protective effects; NAC displayed a protective effect against CoCl2‐induced cell damage by enhancing G6PD activity, and this was abrogated by 6‐AN. The effects of CoCl2 and the involvement of G6PD in endothelial dysfunction have been confirmed in primary human aortic endothelial cells. In summary, G6PD was identified as a novel target of CoCl2‐induced damage, which highlighted the involvement of PPP in regulating the response of endothelial cell CoCl2. Treatment with NAC may be a potential strategy to treat hypoxia or ischemia, which are widely observed in vascular diseases.https://doi.org/10.1002/2211-5463.13449endothelial cellsglucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenasehypoxiaN‐Acetylcysteinepentose phosphate pathway |
| spellingShingle | Chen Yang Xiaofang Zhang Xilin Ge Chunmei He Suhuan Liu Shuyu Yang Caoxin Huang N‐Acetylcysteine protects against cobalt chloride‐induced endothelial dysfunction by enhancing glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase activity FEBS Open Bio endothelial cells glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase hypoxia N‐Acetylcysteine pentose phosphate pathway |
| title | N‐Acetylcysteine protects against cobalt chloride‐induced endothelial dysfunction by enhancing glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase activity |
| title_full | N‐Acetylcysteine protects against cobalt chloride‐induced endothelial dysfunction by enhancing glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase activity |
| title_fullStr | N‐Acetylcysteine protects against cobalt chloride‐induced endothelial dysfunction by enhancing glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase activity |
| title_full_unstemmed | N‐Acetylcysteine protects against cobalt chloride‐induced endothelial dysfunction by enhancing glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase activity |
| title_short | N‐Acetylcysteine protects against cobalt chloride‐induced endothelial dysfunction by enhancing glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase activity |
| title_sort | n acetylcysteine protects against cobalt chloride induced endothelial dysfunction by enhancing glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase activity |
| topic | endothelial cells glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase hypoxia N‐Acetylcysteine pentose phosphate pathway |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/2211-5463.13449 |
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