Saliva and Plasma Neutralizing Activity Induced by the Administration of a Third bnt162b2 Vaccine Dose
The BNT162b2 vaccine induces neutralizing activity (NA) in serum, but no data are available on whether a third-dose activates specific-immunity within the oral mucosa, representing the primary route of viral-entry. To carefully address this issue, we investigated if such immunity is boosted by SARS-...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-11-01
|
| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/22/14341 |
| _version_ | 1797465059246473216 |
|---|---|
| author | Micaela Garziano Olga Utyro Sergio Strizzi Claudia Vanetti Irma Saulle Chiara Conforti Federica Cicilano Francesco Ardizzone Gioia Cappelletti Mario Clerici Fiona Limanaqi Mara Biasin |
| author_facet | Micaela Garziano Olga Utyro Sergio Strizzi Claudia Vanetti Irma Saulle Chiara Conforti Federica Cicilano Francesco Ardizzone Gioia Cappelletti Mario Clerici Fiona Limanaqi Mara Biasin |
| author_sort | Micaela Garziano |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The BNT162b2 vaccine induces neutralizing activity (NA) in serum, but no data are available on whether a third-dose activates specific-immunity within the oral mucosa, representing the primary route of viral-entry. To carefully address this issue, we investigated if such immunity is boosted by SARS-CoV-2-infection; how long it is maintained over-time; and if it protects against the SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1 (EU) and the emerging Delta and Omicron variants. NA was measured in plasma and saliva samples from: uninfected SARS-CoV-2-Vaccinated (SV), subjects infected prior to vaccination (SIV), and subjects who were infected after the second (SIV2) or the third (SIV3) vaccine dose. Samples were collected immediately before (T0), 15 days (T1), and 90 days (T2) post third-dose administration (SV and SIV), or 15 days post-infection (SIV2 and SIV3). In all the enrolled groups, NA in plasma and saliva: (i) was higher against EU compared to the other variants at all time-points (SV: T0 and T1, EU vs. both Delta and Omicron <i>p</i> < 0.001; T2 <i>p</i> < 0.01) (SIV: T0, EU vs. Delta <i>p</i> < 0.05; EU vs. Omi <i>p</i> < 0.01; T1 and T2 EU vs. Delta <i>p</i> < 0.01; EU vs. Omi <i>p</i> < 0.001); (ii) was boosted by the administration of the third dose; iii) declined over-time, albeit being detectable in almost all subjects at T2. The monitoring of NA over time will be important in clarifying if different NA levels may influence either acquisition or course of infection to properly plan the timing of a fourth vaccine dose administration. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:16:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d970e6f71df24ac9a9400a8ddf7d600d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:16:05Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-d970e6f71df24ac9a9400a8ddf7d600d2023-11-24T08:42:36ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-11-0123221434110.3390/ijms232214341Saliva and Plasma Neutralizing Activity Induced by the Administration of a Third bnt162b2 Vaccine DoseMicaela Garziano0Olga Utyro1Sergio Strizzi2Claudia Vanetti3Irma Saulle4Chiara Conforti5Federica Cicilano6Francesco Ardizzone7Gioia Cappelletti8Mario Clerici9Fiona Limanaqi10Mara Biasin11Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Via G.B. Grassi, 20122 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Via G.B. Grassi, 20122 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Via G.B. Grassi, 20122 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Via G.B. Grassi, 20122 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Via G.B. Grassi, 20122 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Via G.B. Grassi, 20122 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Via G.B. Grassi, 20122 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Via G.B. Grassi, 20122 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Via G.B. Grassi, 20122 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Via Francesco Sforza, 20122 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Via G.B. Grassi, 20122 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Via G.B. Grassi, 20122 Milan, ItalyThe BNT162b2 vaccine induces neutralizing activity (NA) in serum, but no data are available on whether a third-dose activates specific-immunity within the oral mucosa, representing the primary route of viral-entry. To carefully address this issue, we investigated if such immunity is boosted by SARS-CoV-2-infection; how long it is maintained over-time; and if it protects against the SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1 (EU) and the emerging Delta and Omicron variants. NA was measured in plasma and saliva samples from: uninfected SARS-CoV-2-Vaccinated (SV), subjects infected prior to vaccination (SIV), and subjects who were infected after the second (SIV2) or the third (SIV3) vaccine dose. Samples were collected immediately before (T0), 15 days (T1), and 90 days (T2) post third-dose administration (SV and SIV), or 15 days post-infection (SIV2 and SIV3). In all the enrolled groups, NA in plasma and saliva: (i) was higher against EU compared to the other variants at all time-points (SV: T0 and T1, EU vs. both Delta and Omicron <i>p</i> < 0.001; T2 <i>p</i> < 0.01) (SIV: T0, EU vs. Delta <i>p</i> < 0.05; EU vs. Omi <i>p</i> < 0.01; T1 and T2 EU vs. Delta <i>p</i> < 0.01; EU vs. Omi <i>p</i> < 0.001); (ii) was boosted by the administration of the third dose; iii) declined over-time, albeit being detectable in almost all subjects at T2. The monitoring of NA over time will be important in clarifying if different NA levels may influence either acquisition or course of infection to properly plan the timing of a fourth vaccine dose administration.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/22/14341SARS-CoV-2salivaneutralizing activityvaccinevariantsbooster dose |
| spellingShingle | Micaela Garziano Olga Utyro Sergio Strizzi Claudia Vanetti Irma Saulle Chiara Conforti Federica Cicilano Francesco Ardizzone Gioia Cappelletti Mario Clerici Fiona Limanaqi Mara Biasin Saliva and Plasma Neutralizing Activity Induced by the Administration of a Third bnt162b2 Vaccine Dose International Journal of Molecular Sciences SARS-CoV-2 saliva neutralizing activity vaccine variants booster dose |
| title | Saliva and Plasma Neutralizing Activity Induced by the Administration of a Third bnt162b2 Vaccine Dose |
| title_full | Saliva and Plasma Neutralizing Activity Induced by the Administration of a Third bnt162b2 Vaccine Dose |
| title_fullStr | Saliva and Plasma Neutralizing Activity Induced by the Administration of a Third bnt162b2 Vaccine Dose |
| title_full_unstemmed | Saliva and Plasma Neutralizing Activity Induced by the Administration of a Third bnt162b2 Vaccine Dose |
| title_short | Saliva and Plasma Neutralizing Activity Induced by the Administration of a Third bnt162b2 Vaccine Dose |
| title_sort | saliva and plasma neutralizing activity induced by the administration of a third bnt162b2 vaccine dose |
| topic | SARS-CoV-2 saliva neutralizing activity vaccine variants booster dose |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/22/14341 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT micaelagarziano salivaandplasmaneutralizingactivityinducedbytheadministrationofathirdbnt162b2vaccinedose AT olgautyro salivaandplasmaneutralizingactivityinducedbytheadministrationofathirdbnt162b2vaccinedose AT sergiostrizzi salivaandplasmaneutralizingactivityinducedbytheadministrationofathirdbnt162b2vaccinedose AT claudiavanetti salivaandplasmaneutralizingactivityinducedbytheadministrationofathirdbnt162b2vaccinedose AT irmasaulle salivaandplasmaneutralizingactivityinducedbytheadministrationofathirdbnt162b2vaccinedose AT chiaraconforti salivaandplasmaneutralizingactivityinducedbytheadministrationofathirdbnt162b2vaccinedose AT federicacicilano salivaandplasmaneutralizingactivityinducedbytheadministrationofathirdbnt162b2vaccinedose AT francescoardizzone salivaandplasmaneutralizingactivityinducedbytheadministrationofathirdbnt162b2vaccinedose AT gioiacappelletti salivaandplasmaneutralizingactivityinducedbytheadministrationofathirdbnt162b2vaccinedose AT marioclerici salivaandplasmaneutralizingactivityinducedbytheadministrationofathirdbnt162b2vaccinedose AT fionalimanaqi salivaandplasmaneutralizingactivityinducedbytheadministrationofathirdbnt162b2vaccinedose AT marabiasin salivaandplasmaneutralizingactivityinducedbytheadministrationofathirdbnt162b2vaccinedose |