Selectivity Tuning by Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADESs) for Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from <i>Cytinus hypocistis</i>—Studies of Antioxidative, Enzyme-Inhibitive Properties and LC-MS Profiles
In the present study, the extracts of <i>Cytinus hypocistis</i> (L.) L using both traditional solvents (hexane, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, ethanol, ethanol/water, and water) and natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) were investigated in terms of their total polyphenolic contents a...
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/18/5788 |
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| author | Gokhan Zengin María de la Luz Cádiz-Gurrea Álvaro Fernández-Ochoa Francisco Javier Leyva-Jiménez Antonio Segura Carretero Malwina Momotko Evren Yildiztugay Refik Karatas Sharmeen Jugreet Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally Grzegorz Boczkaj |
| author_facet | Gokhan Zengin María de la Luz Cádiz-Gurrea Álvaro Fernández-Ochoa Francisco Javier Leyva-Jiménez Antonio Segura Carretero Malwina Momotko Evren Yildiztugay Refik Karatas Sharmeen Jugreet Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally Grzegorz Boczkaj |
| author_sort | Gokhan Zengin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the present study, the extracts of <i>Cytinus hypocistis</i> (L.) L using both traditional solvents (hexane, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, ethanol, ethanol/water, and water) and natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) were investigated in terms of their total polyphenolic contents and antioxidant and enzyme-inhibitive properties. The extracts were found to possess total phenolic and total flavonoid contents in the ranges of 26.47–186.13 mg GAE/g and 0.68–12.55 mg RE/g, respectively. Higher total phenolic contents were obtained for NADES extracts. Compositional differences were reported in relation to antioxidant potential studied by several assays (DPPH: 70.19–939.35 mg TE/g, ABTS: 172.56–4026.50 mg TE/g; CUPRAC: 97.41–1730.38 mg TE/g, FRAP: 84.11–1534.85 mg TE/g). Application of NADESs (choline chloride—urea 1:2, a so-called Reline) allowed one to obtain the highest number of extracts having antioxidant potential in the radical scavenging and reducing assays. NADES-B (protonated by HCl L-proline-xylitol 5:1) was the only extractant from the studied solvents that isolated a specific fraction without chelating activity. Reline extract exhibited the highest acetylcholinesterase inhibition compared to NADES-B and NADES-C (protonated by H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> L-proline-xylitol 5:1) extracts, which showed no inhibition. The NADES extracts were observed to have higher tyrosinase inhibitory properties compared to extracts obtained by traditional organic solvents. Furthermore, the NADES extracts were relatively better inhibitors of the diabetic enzymes. These findings provided an interesting comparison in terms of total polyphenolic content yields, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory properties (cholinesterase, amylase, glucosidase, and tyrosinase) between traditional solvent extracts and NADES extracts, used as an alternative. While the organic solvents showed better antioxidant activity, the NADES extracts were found to have some other improved properties, such as higher total phenolic content and enzyme-inhibiting properties, suggesting functional prospects for their use in phytonutrient extraction and fractionation. The obtained results could also be used to give a broad overview of the different biological potentials of <i>C. hypocistis</i>. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:03:23Z |
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| issn | 1420-3049 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-d97411e63114480cb14396c53c72d2bc2023-11-23T17:59:06ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-09-012718578810.3390/molecules27185788Selectivity Tuning by Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADESs) for Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from <i>Cytinus hypocistis</i>—Studies of Antioxidative, Enzyme-Inhibitive Properties and LC-MS ProfilesGokhan Zengin0María de la Luz Cádiz-Gurrea1Álvaro Fernández-Ochoa2Francisco Javier Leyva-Jiménez3Antonio Segura Carretero4Malwina Momotko5Evren Yildiztugay6Refik Karatas7Sharmeen Jugreet8Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally9Grzegorz Boczkaj10Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya 42130, TurkeyDepartment of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, SpainDepartment of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, SpainDepartment of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science and Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ronda de Calatrava 7, 13071 Ciudad Real, SpainDepartment of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, SpainDepartment of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-0233 Gdansk, PolandDepartment of Biotechnology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya 42130, TurkeyDepartment of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya 42130, TurkeyDepartment of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, MauritiusDepartment of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, MauritiusDepartment of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-0233 Gdansk, PolandIn the present study, the extracts of <i>Cytinus hypocistis</i> (L.) L using both traditional solvents (hexane, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, ethanol, ethanol/water, and water) and natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) were investigated in terms of their total polyphenolic contents and antioxidant and enzyme-inhibitive properties. The extracts were found to possess total phenolic and total flavonoid contents in the ranges of 26.47–186.13 mg GAE/g and 0.68–12.55 mg RE/g, respectively. Higher total phenolic contents were obtained for NADES extracts. Compositional differences were reported in relation to antioxidant potential studied by several assays (DPPH: 70.19–939.35 mg TE/g, ABTS: 172.56–4026.50 mg TE/g; CUPRAC: 97.41–1730.38 mg TE/g, FRAP: 84.11–1534.85 mg TE/g). Application of NADESs (choline chloride—urea 1:2, a so-called Reline) allowed one to obtain the highest number of extracts having antioxidant potential in the radical scavenging and reducing assays. NADES-B (protonated by HCl L-proline-xylitol 5:1) was the only extractant from the studied solvents that isolated a specific fraction without chelating activity. Reline extract exhibited the highest acetylcholinesterase inhibition compared to NADES-B and NADES-C (protonated by H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> L-proline-xylitol 5:1) extracts, which showed no inhibition. The NADES extracts were observed to have higher tyrosinase inhibitory properties compared to extracts obtained by traditional organic solvents. Furthermore, the NADES extracts were relatively better inhibitors of the diabetic enzymes. These findings provided an interesting comparison in terms of total polyphenolic content yields, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory properties (cholinesterase, amylase, glucosidase, and tyrosinase) between traditional solvent extracts and NADES extracts, used as an alternative. While the organic solvents showed better antioxidant activity, the NADES extracts were found to have some other improved properties, such as higher total phenolic content and enzyme-inhibiting properties, suggesting functional prospects for their use in phytonutrient extraction and fractionation. The obtained results could also be used to give a broad overview of the different biological potentials of <i>C. hypocistis</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/18/5788NADEStotal polyphenolic contentantioxidantsenzyme inhibitionfunctional foodnatural medicine |
| spellingShingle | Gokhan Zengin María de la Luz Cádiz-Gurrea Álvaro Fernández-Ochoa Francisco Javier Leyva-Jiménez Antonio Segura Carretero Malwina Momotko Evren Yildiztugay Refik Karatas Sharmeen Jugreet Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally Grzegorz Boczkaj Selectivity Tuning by Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADESs) for Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from <i>Cytinus hypocistis</i>—Studies of Antioxidative, Enzyme-Inhibitive Properties and LC-MS Profiles Molecules NADES total polyphenolic content antioxidants enzyme inhibition functional food natural medicine |
| title | Selectivity Tuning by Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADESs) for Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from <i>Cytinus hypocistis</i>—Studies of Antioxidative, Enzyme-Inhibitive Properties and LC-MS Profiles |
| title_full | Selectivity Tuning by Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADESs) for Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from <i>Cytinus hypocistis</i>—Studies of Antioxidative, Enzyme-Inhibitive Properties and LC-MS Profiles |
| title_fullStr | Selectivity Tuning by Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADESs) for Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from <i>Cytinus hypocistis</i>—Studies of Antioxidative, Enzyme-Inhibitive Properties and LC-MS Profiles |
| title_full_unstemmed | Selectivity Tuning by Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADESs) for Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from <i>Cytinus hypocistis</i>—Studies of Antioxidative, Enzyme-Inhibitive Properties and LC-MS Profiles |
| title_short | Selectivity Tuning by Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADESs) for Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from <i>Cytinus hypocistis</i>—Studies of Antioxidative, Enzyme-Inhibitive Properties and LC-MS Profiles |
| title_sort | selectivity tuning by natural deep eutectic solvents nadess for extraction of bioactive compounds from i cytinus hypocistis i studies of antioxidative enzyme inhibitive properties and lc ms profiles |
| topic | NADES total polyphenolic content antioxidants enzyme inhibition functional food natural medicine |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/18/5788 |
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