| Summary: | This work highlights some limitations of thermal stability analysis via <i>in-situ</i> transmission electron microscopy (TEM)-annealing experiments on ultrafine and nanocrystalline materials. We provide two examples, one on nanocrystalline pure copper and one on nanocrystalline HT-9 steel, where <i>in-situ</i> TEM-annealing experiments are compared to bulk material annealing experiments. The <i>in-situ</i> TEM and bulk annealing experiments demonstrated different results on pure copper but similar output in the HT-9 steel. The work entails discussion of the results based on literature theoretical concepts, and expound on the inevitability of comparing <i>in-situ</i> TEM annealing experimental results to bulk annealing when used for material thermal stability assessment.
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