Review article: Existing and potential evidence for Holocene grounding line retreat and readvance in Antarctica
<p>Widespread existing geological records from above the modern ice sheet surface and outboard of the current ice margin show that the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) was much more extensive at the Last Glacial Maximum (<span class="inline-formula">∼</span> 20 <span class=&q...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2022-05-01
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| Series: | The Cryosphere |
| Online Access: | https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/16/1543/2022/tc-16-1543-2022.pdf |
| _version_ | 1828815479567810560 |
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| author | J. S. Johnson R. A. Venturelli G. Balco C. S. Allen S. Braddock S. Campbell B. M. Goehring B. L. Hall P. D. Neff K. A. Nichols D. H. Rood E. R. Thomas J. Woodward |
| author_facet | J. S. Johnson R. A. Venturelli G. Balco C. S. Allen S. Braddock S. Campbell B. M. Goehring B. L. Hall P. D. Neff K. A. Nichols D. H. Rood E. R. Thomas J. Woodward |
| author_sort | J. S. Johnson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Widespread existing geological records from above the modern ice sheet surface and outboard of the current ice margin show that the Antarctic Ice
Sheet (AIS) was much more extensive at the Last Glacial Maximum (<span class="inline-formula">∼</span> 20 <span class="inline-formula">ka</span>) than at present. However, whether it was ever smaller than
present during the last few millennia, and (if so) by how much, is known only for a few locations because direct evidence lies within or beneath the
ice sheet, which is challenging to access. Here, we describe how retreat and readvance (henceforth “readvance”) of AIS grounding lines during the
Holocene could be detected and quantified using subglacial bedrock, subglacial sediments, marine sediment cores, relative sea-level (RSL) records,
geodetic observations, radar data, and ice cores. Of these, only subglacial bedrock and subglacial sediments can provide direct evidence for
readvance. Marine archives are of limited utility because readvance commonly covers evidence of earlier retreat. Nevertheless, stratigraphic
transitions documenting change in environment may provide support for direct evidence from subglacial records, as can the presence of transgressions
in RSL records, and isostatic subsidence. With independent age control, ice structure revealed by radar can be used to infer past changes in ice
flow and geometry, and therefore potential readvance. Since ice cores capture changes in surface mass balance, elevation, and atmospheric
and oceanic circulation that are known to drive grounding line migration, they also have potential for identifying readvance. A multidisciplinary
approach is likely to provide the strongest evidence for or against a smaller-than-present AIS in the Holocene.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T10:44:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d97c5f03a7e14839ab9da581375d590a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1994-0416 1994-0424 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T10:44:12Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Cryosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-d97c5f03a7e14839ab9da581375d590a2022-12-22T00:26:56ZengCopernicus PublicationsThe Cryosphere1994-04161994-04242022-05-01161543156210.5194/tc-16-1543-2022Review article: Existing and potential evidence for Holocene grounding line retreat and readvance in AntarcticaJ. S. Johnson0R. A. Venturelli1G. Balco2C. S. Allen3S. Braddock4S. Campbell5B. M. Goehring6B. L. Hall7P. D. Neff8K. A. Nichols9D. H. Rood10E. R. Thomas11J. Woodward12British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UKDepartment of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USABerkeley Geochronology Center, 2455 Ridge Road, Berkeley, CA 94709, USABritish Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UKSchool of Earth and Climate Sciences and the Climate Change Institute, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USASchool of Earth and Climate Sciences and the Climate Change Institute, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USADepartment of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USASchool of Earth and Climate Sciences and the Climate Change Institute, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USADepartment of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USADepartment of Earth Science & Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UKDepartment of Earth Science & Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UKBritish Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UKDepartment of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK<p>Widespread existing geological records from above the modern ice sheet surface and outboard of the current ice margin show that the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) was much more extensive at the Last Glacial Maximum (<span class="inline-formula">∼</span> 20 <span class="inline-formula">ka</span>) than at present. However, whether it was ever smaller than present during the last few millennia, and (if so) by how much, is known only for a few locations because direct evidence lies within or beneath the ice sheet, which is challenging to access. Here, we describe how retreat and readvance (henceforth “readvance”) of AIS grounding lines during the Holocene could be detected and quantified using subglacial bedrock, subglacial sediments, marine sediment cores, relative sea-level (RSL) records, geodetic observations, radar data, and ice cores. Of these, only subglacial bedrock and subglacial sediments can provide direct evidence for readvance. Marine archives are of limited utility because readvance commonly covers evidence of earlier retreat. Nevertheless, stratigraphic transitions documenting change in environment may provide support for direct evidence from subglacial records, as can the presence of transgressions in RSL records, and isostatic subsidence. With independent age control, ice structure revealed by radar can be used to infer past changes in ice flow and geometry, and therefore potential readvance. Since ice cores capture changes in surface mass balance, elevation, and atmospheric and oceanic circulation that are known to drive grounding line migration, they also have potential for identifying readvance. A multidisciplinary approach is likely to provide the strongest evidence for or against a smaller-than-present AIS in the Holocene.</p>https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/16/1543/2022/tc-16-1543-2022.pdf |
| spellingShingle | J. S. Johnson R. A. Venturelli G. Balco C. S. Allen S. Braddock S. Campbell B. M. Goehring B. L. Hall P. D. Neff K. A. Nichols D. H. Rood E. R. Thomas J. Woodward Review article: Existing and potential evidence for Holocene grounding line retreat and readvance in Antarctica The Cryosphere |
| title | Review article: Existing and potential evidence for Holocene grounding line retreat and readvance in Antarctica |
| title_full | Review article: Existing and potential evidence for Holocene grounding line retreat and readvance in Antarctica |
| title_fullStr | Review article: Existing and potential evidence for Holocene grounding line retreat and readvance in Antarctica |
| title_full_unstemmed | Review article: Existing and potential evidence for Holocene grounding line retreat and readvance in Antarctica |
| title_short | Review article: Existing and potential evidence for Holocene grounding line retreat and readvance in Antarctica |
| title_sort | review article existing and potential evidence for holocene grounding line retreat and readvance in antarctica |
| url | https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/16/1543/2022/tc-16-1543-2022.pdf |
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