Effect of <i>Pochonia chlamydosporia</i> Endophytism and <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i> Parasitism on WRKYs and Defense Gene Expression in Tomato Roots
The expression of WRKY transcription factors and plant defense-related genes was studied in the roots of Apulian tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>) cv Regina di Fasano (accessions MRT and PLZ) endophytically colonized by <i>Pochonia chlamydosporia</i> and parasitized or not...
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/6/1284 |
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| author | Laura C. Rosso Francesca Romano Isabella Pentimone Aurelio Ciancio Mariantonietta Colagiero |
| author_facet | Laura C. Rosso Francesca Romano Isabella Pentimone Aurelio Ciancio Mariantonietta Colagiero |
| author_sort | Laura C. Rosso |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The expression of WRKY transcription factors and plant defense-related genes was studied in the roots of Apulian tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>) cv Regina di Fasano (accessions MRT and PLZ) endophytically colonized by <i>Pochonia chlamydosporia</i> and parasitized or not by the root-knot nematode (RKN) <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i>. The effect on plant growth, nematode parasitism and histological aspect of the interaction were considered. The association of <i>P. chlamydosporia</i> with RKN-parasitized MRT plants increased the total biomass and shoot fresh weight in comparison with healthy plants and with those only parasitized by RKN, without the endophyte. However, the PLZ accession showed no significant difference in the observed biometric parameters. The number of RKN-induced galls per plant was not affected by endophytism eight days after inoculation. No histological changes were observed in the nematode feeding sites in the presence of the fungus. Gene expression analysis showed an accession-specific response to <i>P. chlamydosporia</i> with differential activation of WRKY-related genes. No significant change was found for <i>WRKY76</i> expression in nematode-parasitized plants compared with control roots, confirming cultivar susceptibility. Data indicate genotype-specific responses of the WRKY genes to parasitism examined in roots with nematodes and/or endophytic <i>P. chlamydosporia</i>. At 25 days post-inoculation with <i>P. chlamydosporia</i>, no significant difference was observed in the expression of defense-related genes in both accessions, suggesting that salicylic acid (SA) (<i>PAL</i> and <i>PR1</i>) and jasmonate (JA) related genes (<i>Pin II</i>) are not active during endophytism. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:00:39Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-d97ddf6098274f648ba779da81b0deef2023-11-17T13:21:42ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472023-03-01126128410.3390/plants12061284Effect of <i>Pochonia chlamydosporia</i> Endophytism and <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i> Parasitism on WRKYs and Defense Gene Expression in Tomato RootsLaura C. Rosso0Francesca Romano1Isabella Pentimone2Aurelio Ciancio3Mariantonietta Colagiero4Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, CNR, Via G. Amendola 122/D, 70126 Bari, ItalyMedical Genetics, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania, via Luigi De Crecchio 7, Naples 80131, Naples, ItalyConsiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, CNR, Via G. Amendola 122/D, 70126 Bari, ItalyConsiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, CNR, Via G. Amendola 122/D, 70126 Bari, ItalyConsiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, CNR, Via G. Amendola 122/D, 70126 Bari, ItalyThe expression of WRKY transcription factors and plant defense-related genes was studied in the roots of Apulian tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>) cv Regina di Fasano (accessions MRT and PLZ) endophytically colonized by <i>Pochonia chlamydosporia</i> and parasitized or not by the root-knot nematode (RKN) <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i>. The effect on plant growth, nematode parasitism and histological aspect of the interaction were considered. The association of <i>P. chlamydosporia</i> with RKN-parasitized MRT plants increased the total biomass and shoot fresh weight in comparison with healthy plants and with those only parasitized by RKN, without the endophyte. However, the PLZ accession showed no significant difference in the observed biometric parameters. The number of RKN-induced galls per plant was not affected by endophytism eight days after inoculation. No histological changes were observed in the nematode feeding sites in the presence of the fungus. Gene expression analysis showed an accession-specific response to <i>P. chlamydosporia</i> with differential activation of WRKY-related genes. No significant change was found for <i>WRKY76</i> expression in nematode-parasitized plants compared with control roots, confirming cultivar susceptibility. Data indicate genotype-specific responses of the WRKY genes to parasitism examined in roots with nematodes and/or endophytic <i>P. chlamydosporia</i>. At 25 days post-inoculation with <i>P. chlamydosporia</i>, no significant difference was observed in the expression of defense-related genes in both accessions, suggesting that salicylic acid (SA) (<i>PAL</i> and <i>PR1</i>) and jasmonate (JA) related genes (<i>Pin II</i>) are not active during endophytism.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/6/1284defense response genesroot-knot nematodetomatotranscription factor |
| spellingShingle | Laura C. Rosso Francesca Romano Isabella Pentimone Aurelio Ciancio Mariantonietta Colagiero Effect of <i>Pochonia chlamydosporia</i> Endophytism and <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i> Parasitism on WRKYs and Defense Gene Expression in Tomato Roots Plants defense response genes root-knot nematode tomato transcription factor |
| title | Effect of <i>Pochonia chlamydosporia</i> Endophytism and <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i> Parasitism on WRKYs and Defense Gene Expression in Tomato Roots |
| title_full | Effect of <i>Pochonia chlamydosporia</i> Endophytism and <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i> Parasitism on WRKYs and Defense Gene Expression in Tomato Roots |
| title_fullStr | Effect of <i>Pochonia chlamydosporia</i> Endophytism and <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i> Parasitism on WRKYs and Defense Gene Expression in Tomato Roots |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of <i>Pochonia chlamydosporia</i> Endophytism and <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i> Parasitism on WRKYs and Defense Gene Expression in Tomato Roots |
| title_short | Effect of <i>Pochonia chlamydosporia</i> Endophytism and <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i> Parasitism on WRKYs and Defense Gene Expression in Tomato Roots |
| title_sort | effect of i pochonia chlamydosporia i endophytism and i meloidogyne incognita i parasitism on wrkys and defense gene expression in tomato roots |
| topic | defense response genes root-knot nematode tomato transcription factor |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/6/1284 |
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