Immunization with Pooled Antigens for <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> Conferred Partial Protection against Experimental Necrotic Enteritis in Broiler Chickens
Necrotic enteritis (NE) is a multifactorial and important enteric infectious disease etiologically caused by pathogenic <i>C. perfringens</i> infection, accounting for the estimated loss of around USD 6 billion in the global poultry industry. The increasing incidence of NE was found to b...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/6/979 |
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| author | Baohong Yuan Zhifeng Sun Mingmin Lu Hyun Lillehoj Youngsub Lee Liheng Liu Xianghe Yan Danchen Aaron Yang Charles Li |
| author_facet | Baohong Yuan Zhifeng Sun Mingmin Lu Hyun Lillehoj Youngsub Lee Liheng Liu Xianghe Yan Danchen Aaron Yang Charles Li |
| author_sort | Baohong Yuan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Necrotic enteritis (NE) is a multifactorial and important enteric infectious disease etiologically caused by pathogenic <i>C. perfringens</i> infection, accounting for the estimated loss of around USD 6 billion in the global poultry industry. The increasing incidence of NE was found to be associated with the voluntary reduction or withdrawal of antibiotic growth promoters from animal feed during recent years. Therefore, the development of effective vaccines specific to NE assumes a priority for the poultry industry. This study aimed to identify the potential <i>C. perfringens</i> proteins as vaccine targets for NE. Three recombinant <i>C. perfringens</i> proteins targeting five antigens were prepared: two chimeric proteins (alpha-toxin and NetB, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA) and a zinc metalloprotease (Zm)), and one single collagen adhesion protein (Cna). Their protection efficacies were evaluated with a potent challenge model of <i>Eimeria maxima</i>/<i>C. perfringens</i> dual infections using a <i>netB<sup>+</sup>tpeL<sup>+</sup></i> <i>C. perfringens</i> strain. Young chicks were immunized twice subcutaneously with adjuvanted <i>C. perfringens</i> proteins on Days 4 and 15. At six days after the second immunization, the chickens immunized with Cna, FBA, and Zm antigens, and alpha-toxin had much higher serum antibody titers than unvaccinated controls prior to the challenge. Following the challenge, the pooled antigen-immunized group demonstrated no mortality and the least lesion scores against virulent challenge. The results indicate that the immunization with multicomponent antigens, including <i>C. perfringens</i> housekeeping protein Cna, may confer partial protection. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:16:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d99298d5dace4c2b81b11f86850d063a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:16:41Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-d99298d5dace4c2b81b11f86850d063a2023-11-23T19:22:26ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2022-06-0110697910.3390/vaccines10060979Immunization with Pooled Antigens for <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> Conferred Partial Protection against Experimental Necrotic Enteritis in Broiler ChickensBaohong Yuan0Zhifeng Sun1Mingmin Lu2Hyun Lillehoj3Youngsub Lee4Liheng Liu5Xianghe Yan6Danchen Aaron Yang7Charles Li8Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Beltsville, MD 20705, USAAnimal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Beltsville, MD 20705, USAAnimal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Beltsville, MD 20705, USAAnimal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Beltsville, MD 20705, USAAnimal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Beltsville, MD 20705, USAAnimal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Beltsville, MD 20705, USAEnvironmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Beltsville, MD 20705, USACollege of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaAnimal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Beltsville, MD 20705, USANecrotic enteritis (NE) is a multifactorial and important enteric infectious disease etiologically caused by pathogenic <i>C. perfringens</i> infection, accounting for the estimated loss of around USD 6 billion in the global poultry industry. The increasing incidence of NE was found to be associated with the voluntary reduction or withdrawal of antibiotic growth promoters from animal feed during recent years. Therefore, the development of effective vaccines specific to NE assumes a priority for the poultry industry. This study aimed to identify the potential <i>C. perfringens</i> proteins as vaccine targets for NE. Three recombinant <i>C. perfringens</i> proteins targeting five antigens were prepared: two chimeric proteins (alpha-toxin and NetB, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA) and a zinc metalloprotease (Zm)), and one single collagen adhesion protein (Cna). Their protection efficacies were evaluated with a potent challenge model of <i>Eimeria maxima</i>/<i>C. perfringens</i> dual infections using a <i>netB<sup>+</sup>tpeL<sup>+</sup></i> <i>C. perfringens</i> strain. Young chicks were immunized twice subcutaneously with adjuvanted <i>C. perfringens</i> proteins on Days 4 and 15. At six days after the second immunization, the chickens immunized with Cna, FBA, and Zm antigens, and alpha-toxin had much higher serum antibody titers than unvaccinated controls prior to the challenge. Following the challenge, the pooled antigen-immunized group demonstrated no mortality and the least lesion scores against virulent challenge. The results indicate that the immunization with multicomponent antigens, including <i>C. perfringens</i> housekeeping protein Cna, may confer partial protection.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/6/979<i>Clostridium perfringens</i>vaccine candidatesNetBphospholipase Cfructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolasezinc metalloprotease |
| spellingShingle | Baohong Yuan Zhifeng Sun Mingmin Lu Hyun Lillehoj Youngsub Lee Liheng Liu Xianghe Yan Danchen Aaron Yang Charles Li Immunization with Pooled Antigens for <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> Conferred Partial Protection against Experimental Necrotic Enteritis in Broiler Chickens Vaccines <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> vaccine candidates NetB phospholipase C fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase zinc metalloprotease |
| title | Immunization with Pooled Antigens for <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> Conferred Partial Protection against Experimental Necrotic Enteritis in Broiler Chickens |
| title_full | Immunization with Pooled Antigens for <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> Conferred Partial Protection against Experimental Necrotic Enteritis in Broiler Chickens |
| title_fullStr | Immunization with Pooled Antigens for <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> Conferred Partial Protection against Experimental Necrotic Enteritis in Broiler Chickens |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immunization with Pooled Antigens for <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> Conferred Partial Protection against Experimental Necrotic Enteritis in Broiler Chickens |
| title_short | Immunization with Pooled Antigens for <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> Conferred Partial Protection against Experimental Necrotic Enteritis in Broiler Chickens |
| title_sort | immunization with pooled antigens for i clostridium perfringens i conferred partial protection against experimental necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens |
| topic | <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> vaccine candidates NetB phospholipase C fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase zinc metalloprotease |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/6/979 |
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