A 25-Year Retrospective Review of Mortality in Chimpanzees (<i>Pan troglodytes</i>) in Accredited U.S. Zoos from a Management and Welfare Perspective
Understanding causes of death allows adjustment of health management strategies for animals in managed care. From 224 documented chimpanzee deaths occurring from 1995 to 2019 in 42 accredited U.S. zoos, post-mortem records and necropsy reports were analyzed for the primary cause of death, which were...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/15/1878 |
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| author | Stephen R. Ross Priyanka B. Joshi Karen A. Terio Kathryn C. Gamble |
| author_facet | Stephen R. Ross Priyanka B. Joshi Karen A. Terio Kathryn C. Gamble |
| author_sort | Stephen R. Ross |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Understanding causes of death allows adjustment of health management strategies for animals in managed care. From 224 documented chimpanzee deaths occurring from 1995 to 2019 in 42 accredited U.S. zoos, post-mortem records and necropsy reports were analyzed for the primary cause of death, which were available for 214 individuals. In total, 37 cases of stillbirth and neonatal deaths were assessed (16.5%); however, the focus was otherwise placed on the remaining 177 cases in which the death occurred in individuals aged greater than 1 month. There were no sex-related differences in etiology; however, age variation in the cause of death was statistically significant (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Elderly (35 years and older) chimpanzees tended to die of intrinsic, often degenerative, etiologies, whereas infants, juveniles, and adolescents (less than 15 years) were more likely to be involved in fatal trauma. Overall, there were 27 deaths (15.3% of all post-neonatal deaths) related to trauma and 13 of these were directly or indirectly related to conspecific aggression. Understanding causes of mortality and the interrelation with management can benefit managed populations of chimpanzees. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:50:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d99769ad2d4144b1892db8194eef302f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:50:24Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-d99769ad2d4144b1892db8194eef302f2023-11-30T22:07:05ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152022-07-011215187810.3390/ani12151878A 25-Year Retrospective Review of Mortality in Chimpanzees (<i>Pan troglodytes</i>) in Accredited U.S. Zoos from a Management and Welfare PerspectiveStephen R. Ross0Priyanka B. Joshi1Karen A. Terio2Kathryn C. Gamble3Lester E. Fisher Center for the Study and Conservation of Apes, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, IL 60614, USALester E. Fisher Center for the Study and Conservation of Apes, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, IL 60614, USAZoological Pathology Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 S. Lincoln Ave, Urbana, IL 61802, USAVeterinary Services, Department of Animal Care, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, IL 60614, USAUnderstanding causes of death allows adjustment of health management strategies for animals in managed care. From 224 documented chimpanzee deaths occurring from 1995 to 2019 in 42 accredited U.S. zoos, post-mortem records and necropsy reports were analyzed for the primary cause of death, which were available for 214 individuals. In total, 37 cases of stillbirth and neonatal deaths were assessed (16.5%); however, the focus was otherwise placed on the remaining 177 cases in which the death occurred in individuals aged greater than 1 month. There were no sex-related differences in etiology; however, age variation in the cause of death was statistically significant (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Elderly (35 years and older) chimpanzees tended to die of intrinsic, often degenerative, etiologies, whereas infants, juveniles, and adolescents (less than 15 years) were more likely to be involved in fatal trauma. Overall, there were 27 deaths (15.3% of all post-neonatal deaths) related to trauma and 13 of these were directly or indirectly related to conspecific aggression. Understanding causes of mortality and the interrelation with management can benefit managed populations of chimpanzees.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/15/1878chimpanzee<i>Pan troglodytes</i>mortalitynecropsydeathretrospective |
| spellingShingle | Stephen R. Ross Priyanka B. Joshi Karen A. Terio Kathryn C. Gamble A 25-Year Retrospective Review of Mortality in Chimpanzees (<i>Pan troglodytes</i>) in Accredited U.S. Zoos from a Management and Welfare Perspective Animals chimpanzee <i>Pan troglodytes</i> mortality necropsy death retrospective |
| title | A 25-Year Retrospective Review of Mortality in Chimpanzees (<i>Pan troglodytes</i>) in Accredited U.S. Zoos from a Management and Welfare Perspective |
| title_full | A 25-Year Retrospective Review of Mortality in Chimpanzees (<i>Pan troglodytes</i>) in Accredited U.S. Zoos from a Management and Welfare Perspective |
| title_fullStr | A 25-Year Retrospective Review of Mortality in Chimpanzees (<i>Pan troglodytes</i>) in Accredited U.S. Zoos from a Management and Welfare Perspective |
| title_full_unstemmed | A 25-Year Retrospective Review of Mortality in Chimpanzees (<i>Pan troglodytes</i>) in Accredited U.S. Zoos from a Management and Welfare Perspective |
| title_short | A 25-Year Retrospective Review of Mortality in Chimpanzees (<i>Pan troglodytes</i>) in Accredited U.S. Zoos from a Management and Welfare Perspective |
| title_sort | 25 year retrospective review of mortality in chimpanzees i pan troglodytes i in accredited u s zoos from a management and welfare perspective |
| topic | chimpanzee <i>Pan troglodytes</i> mortality necropsy death retrospective |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/15/1878 |
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