A neural model of modified excitation/inhibition and feedback levels in schizophrenia
IntroductionThe strength of certain visual illusions, including contrast-contrast and apparent motion, is weakened in individuals with schizophrenia. Such phenomena have been interpreted as the impaired integration of inhibitory and excitatory neural responses, and impaired top–down feedback mechani...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Psychiatry |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1199690/full |
| _version_ | 1797661879095525376 |
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| author | Jiating Zhu Basilis Zikopoulos Basilis Zikopoulos Basilis Zikopoulos Basilis Zikopoulos Arash Yazdanbakhsh Arash Yazdanbakhsh Arash Yazdanbakhsh |
| author_facet | Jiating Zhu Basilis Zikopoulos Basilis Zikopoulos Basilis Zikopoulos Basilis Zikopoulos Arash Yazdanbakhsh Arash Yazdanbakhsh Arash Yazdanbakhsh |
| author_sort | Jiating Zhu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionThe strength of certain visual illusions, including contrast-contrast and apparent motion, is weakened in individuals with schizophrenia. Such phenomena have been interpreted as the impaired integration of inhibitory and excitatory neural responses, and impaired top–down feedback mechanisms.MethodsTo investigate whether and how these factors influence the perceived contrast-contrast and apparent motion illusions in individuals with schizophrenia, we propose a two-layer network, with top-down feedback from layer 2 to layer 1 that can model visual receptive fields (RFs) and their inhibitory and excitatory subfields.ResultsOur neural model suggests that illusion perception changes in individuals with schizophrenia can be influenced by altered top-down mechanisms and the organization of the on-center off-surround receptive fields. Alteration of the RF inhibitory surround and/or the excitatory center can replicate the difference of illusion precepts between individuals with schizophrenia within certain clinical states and normal controls. The results show that the simulated top-down feedback modulation enlarges the difference of the model illusion representations, replicating the difference between the two groups.DiscussionWe propose that the heterogeneity of visual and in general sensory processing in certain clinical states of schizophrenia can be largely explained by the degree of top-down feedback reduction, emphasizing the critical role of top-down feedback in illusion perception, and to a lesser extent on the imbalance of excitation/inhibition. Our neural model provides a mechanistic explanation for the modulated visual percepts of contrast-contrast and apparent motion in schizophrenia with findings that can explain a broad range of visual perceptual observations in previous studies. The two-layer motif of the current model provides a general framework that can be tailored to investigate subcortico-cortical (such as thalamocortical) and cortico-cortical networks, bridging neurobiological changes in schizophrenia and perceptual processing. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T18:51:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d9a9bc1492814fcbbd88d0d3341a6c80 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-0640 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T18:51:11Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Psychiatry |
| spelling | doaj.art-d9a9bc1492814fcbbd88d0d3341a6c802023-10-11T11:54:51ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychiatry1664-06402023-08-011410.3389/fpsyt.2023.11996901199690A neural model of modified excitation/inhibition and feedback levels in schizophreniaJiating Zhu0Basilis Zikopoulos1Basilis Zikopoulos2Basilis Zikopoulos3Basilis Zikopoulos4Arash Yazdanbakhsh5Arash Yazdanbakhsh6Arash Yazdanbakhsh7Program in Brain, Behavior & Cognition, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, United StatesHuman Systems Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, United StatesDepartment of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United StatesCenter for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, United StatesGraduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, United StatesCenter for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, United StatesGraduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, United StatesComputational Neuroscience and Vision Laboratory, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, United StatesIntroductionThe strength of certain visual illusions, including contrast-contrast and apparent motion, is weakened in individuals with schizophrenia. Such phenomena have been interpreted as the impaired integration of inhibitory and excitatory neural responses, and impaired top–down feedback mechanisms.MethodsTo investigate whether and how these factors influence the perceived contrast-contrast and apparent motion illusions in individuals with schizophrenia, we propose a two-layer network, with top-down feedback from layer 2 to layer 1 that can model visual receptive fields (RFs) and their inhibitory and excitatory subfields.ResultsOur neural model suggests that illusion perception changes in individuals with schizophrenia can be influenced by altered top-down mechanisms and the organization of the on-center off-surround receptive fields. Alteration of the RF inhibitory surround and/or the excitatory center can replicate the difference of illusion precepts between individuals with schizophrenia within certain clinical states and normal controls. The results show that the simulated top-down feedback modulation enlarges the difference of the model illusion representations, replicating the difference between the two groups.DiscussionWe propose that the heterogeneity of visual and in general sensory processing in certain clinical states of schizophrenia can be largely explained by the degree of top-down feedback reduction, emphasizing the critical role of top-down feedback in illusion perception, and to a lesser extent on the imbalance of excitation/inhibition. Our neural model provides a mechanistic explanation for the modulated visual percepts of contrast-contrast and apparent motion in schizophrenia with findings that can explain a broad range of visual perceptual observations in previous studies. The two-layer motif of the current model provides a general framework that can be tailored to investigate subcortico-cortical (such as thalamocortical) and cortico-cortical networks, bridging neurobiological changes in schizophrenia and perceptual processing.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1199690/fulltop-down feedbacklateral connectivityvisual receptive fieldsthalamocortical networksvisual hierarchycontrast-contrast illusion |
| spellingShingle | Jiating Zhu Basilis Zikopoulos Basilis Zikopoulos Basilis Zikopoulos Basilis Zikopoulos Arash Yazdanbakhsh Arash Yazdanbakhsh Arash Yazdanbakhsh A neural model of modified excitation/inhibition and feedback levels in schizophrenia Frontiers in Psychiatry top-down feedback lateral connectivity visual receptive fields thalamocortical networks visual hierarchy contrast-contrast illusion |
| title | A neural model of modified excitation/inhibition and feedback levels in schizophrenia |
| title_full | A neural model of modified excitation/inhibition and feedback levels in schizophrenia |
| title_fullStr | A neural model of modified excitation/inhibition and feedback levels in schizophrenia |
| title_full_unstemmed | A neural model of modified excitation/inhibition and feedback levels in schizophrenia |
| title_short | A neural model of modified excitation/inhibition and feedback levels in schizophrenia |
| title_sort | neural model of modified excitation inhibition and feedback levels in schizophrenia |
| topic | top-down feedback lateral connectivity visual receptive fields thalamocortical networks visual hierarchy contrast-contrast illusion |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1199690/full |
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