Retinoic acid receptor regulation of decision-making for cell differentiation
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) activation of retinoic acid receptors (RARs) is crucial to an organism’s proper development as established by findings for mouse foetuses from dams fed a vitamin A-deficient diet. ATRA influences decision-making by embryonic stem (ES) cells for differentiation includin...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2023.1182204/full |
| _version_ | 1797852944946692096 |
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| author | Geoffrey Brown |
| author_facet | Geoffrey Brown |
| author_sort | Geoffrey Brown |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) activation of retinoic acid receptors (RARs) is crucial to an organism’s proper development as established by findings for mouse foetuses from dams fed a vitamin A-deficient diet. ATRA influences decision-making by embryonic stem (ES) cells for differentiation including lineage fate. From studies of knockout mice, RARα and RARγ regulate haematopoiesis whereby active RARα modulates the frequency of decision-making for myeloid differentiation, but is not essential for myelopoiesis, and active RARγ supports stem cell self-renewal and maintenance. From studies of zebrafish embryo development, active RARγ plays a negative role in stem cell decision-making for differentiation whereby, in the absence of exogenous ATRA, selective agonism of RARγ disrupted stem cell decision-making for differentiation patterning for development. From transactivation studies, 0.24 nM ATRA transactivated RARγ and 19.3 nM (80-fold more) was needed to transactivate RARα. Therefore, the dose of ATRA that cells are exposed to in vivo, from gradients created by cells that synthesize and metabolize, is important to RARγ versus RARα and RARγ activation and balancing of the involvements in modulating stem cell maintenance versus decision-making for differentiation. RARγ activation favours stemness whereas concomitant or temporal activation of RARγ and RARα favours differentiation. Crosstalk with signalling events that are provoked by membrane receptors is also important. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T19:42:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d9aa30a532884d90b6f1956d51c0ccc0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-634X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T19:42:33Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-d9aa30a532884d90b6f1956d51c0ccc02023-04-04T05:11:37ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology2296-634X2023-04-011110.3389/fcell.2023.11822041182204Retinoic acid receptor regulation of decision-making for cell differentiationGeoffrey BrownAll-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) activation of retinoic acid receptors (RARs) is crucial to an organism’s proper development as established by findings for mouse foetuses from dams fed a vitamin A-deficient diet. ATRA influences decision-making by embryonic stem (ES) cells for differentiation including lineage fate. From studies of knockout mice, RARα and RARγ regulate haematopoiesis whereby active RARα modulates the frequency of decision-making for myeloid differentiation, but is not essential for myelopoiesis, and active RARγ supports stem cell self-renewal and maintenance. From studies of zebrafish embryo development, active RARγ plays a negative role in stem cell decision-making for differentiation whereby, in the absence of exogenous ATRA, selective agonism of RARγ disrupted stem cell decision-making for differentiation patterning for development. From transactivation studies, 0.24 nM ATRA transactivated RARγ and 19.3 nM (80-fold more) was needed to transactivate RARα. Therefore, the dose of ATRA that cells are exposed to in vivo, from gradients created by cells that synthesize and metabolize, is important to RARγ versus RARα and RARγ activation and balancing of the involvements in modulating stem cell maintenance versus decision-making for differentiation. RARγ activation favours stemness whereas concomitant or temporal activation of RARγ and RARα favours differentiation. Crosstalk with signalling events that are provoked by membrane receptors is also important.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2023.1182204/fullretinoic acid receptorsvitamin Astem cellsdifferentiationhaematopoiesis |
| spellingShingle | Geoffrey Brown Retinoic acid receptor regulation of decision-making for cell differentiation Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology retinoic acid receptors vitamin A stem cells differentiation haematopoiesis |
| title | Retinoic acid receptor regulation of decision-making for cell differentiation |
| title_full | Retinoic acid receptor regulation of decision-making for cell differentiation |
| title_fullStr | Retinoic acid receptor regulation of decision-making for cell differentiation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Retinoic acid receptor regulation of decision-making for cell differentiation |
| title_short | Retinoic acid receptor regulation of decision-making for cell differentiation |
| title_sort | retinoic acid receptor regulation of decision making for cell differentiation |
| topic | retinoic acid receptors vitamin A stem cells differentiation haematopoiesis |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2023.1182204/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT geoffreybrown retinoicacidreceptorregulationofdecisionmakingforcelldifferentiation |