Optimization of the Ultrasound Operating Conditions for Extraction and Quantification of Fructooligosaccharides from Garlic (<i>Allium sativum</i> L.) via High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Refractive Index Detector
Dietary interventions have captured the attention of nutritionists due to their health-promoting aspects, in addition to medications. In this connection, supplementation of nutraceuticals is considered as a rational approach to alleviating various metabolic disorders. Among novel strategies, prebiot...
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/19/6388 |
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| author | Muhammad Abdul Rahim Adeela Yasmin Muhammad Imran Mahr Un Nisa Waseem Khalid Tuba Esatbeyoglu Sameh A. Korma |
| author_facet | Muhammad Abdul Rahim Adeela Yasmin Muhammad Imran Mahr Un Nisa Waseem Khalid Tuba Esatbeyoglu Sameh A. Korma |
| author_sort | Muhammad Abdul Rahim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Dietary interventions have captured the attention of nutritionists due to their health-promoting aspects, in addition to medications. In this connection, supplementation of nutraceuticals is considered as a rational approach to alleviating various metabolic disorders. Among novel strategies, prebiotic-supplemented foods are an encouraging trend in addressing the issue. In the present investigation, prebiotic fructooligosaccharides (FOS) were extracted from garlic (<i>Allium sativum</i> L.) powder using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the independent sonication variables, i.e., extraction temperature (ET, 80, 90, and 100 °C), amplitude level (AL, 70, 80, and 90%) and sonication time (ST, 10, 15 and 20 min). The maximum FOS yield (6.23 ± 0.52%) was obtained at sonication conditions of ET (80 °C), AL (80%) and ST (10 min), while the minimum yield of FOS was obtained at high operating temperatures and time. The optimized FOS yield (7.19%) was obtained at ET (80 °C), AL (73%) and ST (15 min) after model validation. The influence of sonication parameters, i.e., ET, AL and ST, on FOS yield was evaluated by varying their coded levels from −1 to +1, respectively, for each independent variable. High-performance liquid chromatography with refractive index detector (HPLC-RID) detection and quantification indicated that sucrose was present in high amounts (2.06 ± 0.10 g/100 g) followed by fructose and glucose. Total FOS fractions which included nystose present in maximum concentration (526 ± 14.7 mg/100 g), followed by 1-kestose (428 ± 19.5 mg/100 g) and fructosylnystoses (195 ± 6.89 mg/100 g). Conclusively, garlic is a good source of potential prebiotics FOS and they can be extracted using optimized sonication parameters using ultrasound-assisted techniques with maximum yield percentage. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:26:05Z |
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| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:26:05Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
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| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-d9ab80466ed54101a4b8ff0a49d9ac3f2023-11-23T21:10:31ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-09-012719638810.3390/molecules27196388Optimization of the Ultrasound Operating Conditions for Extraction and Quantification of Fructooligosaccharides from Garlic (<i>Allium sativum</i> L.) via High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Refractive Index DetectorMuhammad Abdul Rahim0Adeela Yasmin1Muhammad Imran2Mahr Un Nisa3Waseem Khalid4Tuba Esatbeyoglu5Sameh A. Korma6Department of Food Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, PakistanDepartment of Food Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, PakistanDepartment of Food Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, PakistanDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, PakistanDepartment of Food Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, PakistanDepartment of Food Development and Food Quality, Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Am Kleinen Felde 30, 30167 Hannover, GermanyDepartment of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, EgyptDietary interventions have captured the attention of nutritionists due to their health-promoting aspects, in addition to medications. In this connection, supplementation of nutraceuticals is considered as a rational approach to alleviating various metabolic disorders. Among novel strategies, prebiotic-supplemented foods are an encouraging trend in addressing the issue. In the present investigation, prebiotic fructooligosaccharides (FOS) were extracted from garlic (<i>Allium sativum</i> L.) powder using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the independent sonication variables, i.e., extraction temperature (ET, 80, 90, and 100 °C), amplitude level (AL, 70, 80, and 90%) and sonication time (ST, 10, 15 and 20 min). The maximum FOS yield (6.23 ± 0.52%) was obtained at sonication conditions of ET (80 °C), AL (80%) and ST (10 min), while the minimum yield of FOS was obtained at high operating temperatures and time. The optimized FOS yield (7.19%) was obtained at ET (80 °C), AL (73%) and ST (15 min) after model validation. The influence of sonication parameters, i.e., ET, AL and ST, on FOS yield was evaluated by varying their coded levels from −1 to +1, respectively, for each independent variable. High-performance liquid chromatography with refractive index detector (HPLC-RID) detection and quantification indicated that sucrose was present in high amounts (2.06 ± 0.10 g/100 g) followed by fructose and glucose. Total FOS fractions which included nystose present in maximum concentration (526 ± 14.7 mg/100 g), followed by 1-kestose (428 ± 19.5 mg/100 g) and fructosylnystoses (195 ± 6.89 mg/100 g). Conclusively, garlic is a good source of potential prebiotics FOS and they can be extracted using optimized sonication parameters using ultrasound-assisted techniques with maximum yield percentage.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/19/6388garlic (<i>Allium sativum</i> L.)FOSprebioticsUAERSMHPLC-RID |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Abdul Rahim Adeela Yasmin Muhammad Imran Mahr Un Nisa Waseem Khalid Tuba Esatbeyoglu Sameh A. Korma Optimization of the Ultrasound Operating Conditions for Extraction and Quantification of Fructooligosaccharides from Garlic (<i>Allium sativum</i> L.) via High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Refractive Index Detector Molecules garlic (<i>Allium sativum</i> L.) FOS prebiotics UAE RSM HPLC-RID |
| title | Optimization of the Ultrasound Operating Conditions for Extraction and Quantification of Fructooligosaccharides from Garlic (<i>Allium sativum</i> L.) via High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Refractive Index Detector |
| title_full | Optimization of the Ultrasound Operating Conditions for Extraction and Quantification of Fructooligosaccharides from Garlic (<i>Allium sativum</i> L.) via High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Refractive Index Detector |
| title_fullStr | Optimization of the Ultrasound Operating Conditions for Extraction and Quantification of Fructooligosaccharides from Garlic (<i>Allium sativum</i> L.) via High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Refractive Index Detector |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimization of the Ultrasound Operating Conditions for Extraction and Quantification of Fructooligosaccharides from Garlic (<i>Allium sativum</i> L.) via High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Refractive Index Detector |
| title_short | Optimization of the Ultrasound Operating Conditions for Extraction and Quantification of Fructooligosaccharides from Garlic (<i>Allium sativum</i> L.) via High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Refractive Index Detector |
| title_sort | optimization of the ultrasound operating conditions for extraction and quantification of fructooligosaccharides from garlic i allium sativum i l via high performance liquid chromatography with refractive index detector |
| topic | garlic (<i>Allium sativum</i> L.) FOS prebiotics UAE RSM HPLC-RID |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/19/6388 |
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