Implementation of the Chicot–Lesage Composite Hardness Model in a Determination of Absolute Hardness of Copper Coatings Obtained by the Electrodeposition Processes
The influence of various electrolysis parameters, such as the type of cathode, composition of the electrolyte and electrolysis time, on the morphology, structure and hardness of copper coatings has been investigated. Morphology and structure of the coatings were analyzed by scanning electron microsc...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-11-01
|
| Series: | Metals |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/11/11/1807 |
| _version_ | 1797509401748176896 |
|---|---|
| author | Ivana O. Mladenović Jelena S. Lamovec Dana G. Vasiljević-Radović Rastko Vasilić Vesna J. Radojević Nebojša D. Nikolić |
| author_facet | Ivana O. Mladenović Jelena S. Lamovec Dana G. Vasiljević-Radović Rastko Vasilić Vesna J. Radojević Nebojša D. Nikolić |
| author_sort | Ivana O. Mladenović |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The influence of various electrolysis parameters, such as the type of cathode, composition of the electrolyte and electrolysis time, on the morphology, structure and hardness of copper coatings has been investigated. Morphology and structure of the coatings were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), while coating hardness was examined by Vickers microindentation test applying the Chicot–Lesage (C–L) composite hardness model. Depending on the conditions of electrolysis, two types of Cu coatings were obtained: fine-grained mat coatings with a strong (220) preferred orientation from the sulfate electrolyte and smooth mirror bright coatings with a strong (200) preferred orientation from the electrolyte with added leveling/brightening additives. The mat coatings showed larger both measured composite and calculated coating hardness than the mirror bright coatings, that can be explained by the phenomena on boundary among grains. Independent of electrolysis conditions, the critical relative indentation depth (RID) of 0.14 was established for all types of the Cu coatings, separating the zone in which the composite hardness can be equaled with the coating hardness and the zone requiring an application of the C–L model for a determination of the absolute hardness of the Cu coatings. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:17:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d9abe60bd7fd453394b3956fc252a3a6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4701 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:17:10Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metals |
| spelling | doaj.art-d9abe60bd7fd453394b3956fc252a3a62023-11-23T00:23:54ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012021-11-011111180710.3390/met11111807Implementation of the Chicot–Lesage Composite Hardness Model in a Determination of Absolute Hardness of Copper Coatings Obtained by the Electrodeposition ProcessesIvana O. Mladenović0Jelena S. Lamovec1Dana G. Vasiljević-Radović2Rastko Vasilić3Vesna J. Radojević4Nebojša D. Nikolić5Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11 000 Belgrade, SerbiaUniversity of Criminal Investigation and Police Studies, Cara Dušana 196, Zemun, 11 000 Belgrade, SerbiaInstitute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11 000 Belgrade, SerbiaFaculty of Physics, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 12-16, 11 000 Belgrade, SerbiaFaculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11 000 Belgrade, SerbiaInstitute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11 000 Belgrade, SerbiaThe influence of various electrolysis parameters, such as the type of cathode, composition of the electrolyte and electrolysis time, on the morphology, structure and hardness of copper coatings has been investigated. Morphology and structure of the coatings were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), while coating hardness was examined by Vickers microindentation test applying the Chicot–Lesage (C–L) composite hardness model. Depending on the conditions of electrolysis, two types of Cu coatings were obtained: fine-grained mat coatings with a strong (220) preferred orientation from the sulfate electrolyte and smooth mirror bright coatings with a strong (200) preferred orientation from the electrolyte with added leveling/brightening additives. The mat coatings showed larger both measured composite and calculated coating hardness than the mirror bright coatings, that can be explained by the phenomena on boundary among grains. Independent of electrolysis conditions, the critical relative indentation depth (RID) of 0.14 was established for all types of the Cu coatings, separating the zone in which the composite hardness can be equaled with the coating hardness and the zone requiring an application of the C–L model for a determination of the absolute hardness of the Cu coatings.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/11/11/1807electrodepositioncopperhardnessSEMAFMXRD |
| spellingShingle | Ivana O. Mladenović Jelena S. Lamovec Dana G. Vasiljević-Radović Rastko Vasilić Vesna J. Radojević Nebojša D. Nikolić Implementation of the Chicot–Lesage Composite Hardness Model in a Determination of Absolute Hardness of Copper Coatings Obtained by the Electrodeposition Processes Metals electrodeposition copper hardness SEM AFM XRD |
| title | Implementation of the Chicot–Lesage Composite Hardness Model in a Determination of Absolute Hardness of Copper Coatings Obtained by the Electrodeposition Processes |
| title_full | Implementation of the Chicot–Lesage Composite Hardness Model in a Determination of Absolute Hardness of Copper Coatings Obtained by the Electrodeposition Processes |
| title_fullStr | Implementation of the Chicot–Lesage Composite Hardness Model in a Determination of Absolute Hardness of Copper Coatings Obtained by the Electrodeposition Processes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Implementation of the Chicot–Lesage Composite Hardness Model in a Determination of Absolute Hardness of Copper Coatings Obtained by the Electrodeposition Processes |
| title_short | Implementation of the Chicot–Lesage Composite Hardness Model in a Determination of Absolute Hardness of Copper Coatings Obtained by the Electrodeposition Processes |
| title_sort | implementation of the chicot lesage composite hardness model in a determination of absolute hardness of copper coatings obtained by the electrodeposition processes |
| topic | electrodeposition copper hardness SEM AFM XRD |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/11/11/1807 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ivanaomladenovic implementationofthechicotlesagecompositehardnessmodelinadeterminationofabsolutehardnessofcoppercoatingsobtainedbytheelectrodepositionprocesses AT jelenaslamovec implementationofthechicotlesagecompositehardnessmodelinadeterminationofabsolutehardnessofcoppercoatingsobtainedbytheelectrodepositionprocesses AT danagvasiljevicradovic implementationofthechicotlesagecompositehardnessmodelinadeterminationofabsolutehardnessofcoppercoatingsobtainedbytheelectrodepositionprocesses AT rastkovasilic implementationofthechicotlesagecompositehardnessmodelinadeterminationofabsolutehardnessofcoppercoatingsobtainedbytheelectrodepositionprocesses AT vesnajradojevic implementationofthechicotlesagecompositehardnessmodelinadeterminationofabsolutehardnessofcoppercoatingsobtainedbytheelectrodepositionprocesses AT nebojsadnikolic implementationofthechicotlesagecompositehardnessmodelinadeterminationofabsolutehardnessofcoppercoatingsobtainedbytheelectrodepositionprocesses |