Identification and Expressional Analysis of siRNAs Responsive to <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> Infection in Wheat
The outbreak of Fusarium head blight (FHB) poses a serious threat to wheat production as it leads to both significant yield losses and accumulation of several mycotoxins including deoxynivalenol (DON) in the grains, which are harmful to human and livestock. To date, hundreds of FHB-resistance-relate...
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2023-11-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| author | Kai Fu Qianhui Wu Ning Jiang Sijia Hu Hongyan Ye Yi Hu Lei Li Tao Li Zhengxi Sun |
| author_facet | Kai Fu Qianhui Wu Ning Jiang Sijia Hu Hongyan Ye Yi Hu Lei Li Tao Li Zhengxi Sun |
| author_sort | Kai Fu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The outbreak of Fusarium head blight (FHB) poses a serious threat to wheat production as it leads to both significant yield losses and accumulation of several mycotoxins including deoxynivalenol (DON) in the grains, which are harmful to human and livestock. To date, hundreds of FHB-resistance-related quantitative trait loci (QTLs) have been reported, but only a few of them have been cloned and used for breeding. Small interfering RNAs (siRNA) have been reported in plants to mediate host defense against pathogens, but they have rarely been reported in wheat-FHB interaction. In order to identify the key siRNAs that can potentially be used in the improvement of resistance to FHB, siRNAs from the spikes of an FHB-resistant variety Sumai 3 and an FHB-susceptible variety of Chinese Spring (CS) were sequenced after <i>F. graminearum</i> infection and mock inoculation, respectively. The expression patterns of the siRNAs of interest were analyzed. A total of 4019 siRNAs of high-confidence were identified, with 131 being CS-specific, 309 Sumai 3-specific and 3071 being common in both varieties. More than 87% of these siRNAs were 24 nt in length. An overall down-regulation trend was found for siRNAs in the spikes of both varieties after being infected with <i>F. graminearum</i>. The expression patterns for <i>Triticum aestivum</i> Dicer-like 3 (<i>TaDCL3</i>) that synthesizes 24 nt siRNAs were validated by qRT-PCR, which were positively correlated with those of the siRNAs. A total of 85% of the differentially expressed genes putatively targeted by the siRNAs were significantly up-regulated after infection, showing a negative correlation with the overall down-regulated expression of siRNAs. Interestingly, the majority of the up-regulated genes are annotated as disease resistance. These results suggested that the inhibition of siRNA by <i>F. graminearum</i> up-regulated the disease resistance genes, which were putatively suppressed by siRNAs through RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM). Consequently, the resistant capability to <i>F. graminearum</i> infection was enhanced. This study provides novel clues for investigating the function of siRNA in wheat-<i>F. graminearum</i> interaction. |
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| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T11:27:50Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-d9aed1885cc746459c28155cc19983592023-11-10T15:06:05ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-11-0124211600510.3390/ijms242116005Identification and Expressional Analysis of siRNAs Responsive to <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> Infection in WheatKai Fu0Qianhui Wu1Ning Jiang2Sijia Hu3Hongyan Ye4Yi Hu5Lei Li6Tao Li7Zhengxi Sun8Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaThe outbreak of Fusarium head blight (FHB) poses a serious threat to wheat production as it leads to both significant yield losses and accumulation of several mycotoxins including deoxynivalenol (DON) in the grains, which are harmful to human and livestock. To date, hundreds of FHB-resistance-related quantitative trait loci (QTLs) have been reported, but only a few of them have been cloned and used for breeding. Small interfering RNAs (siRNA) have been reported in plants to mediate host defense against pathogens, but they have rarely been reported in wheat-FHB interaction. In order to identify the key siRNAs that can potentially be used in the improvement of resistance to FHB, siRNAs from the spikes of an FHB-resistant variety Sumai 3 and an FHB-susceptible variety of Chinese Spring (CS) were sequenced after <i>F. graminearum</i> infection and mock inoculation, respectively. The expression patterns of the siRNAs of interest were analyzed. A total of 4019 siRNAs of high-confidence were identified, with 131 being CS-specific, 309 Sumai 3-specific and 3071 being common in both varieties. More than 87% of these siRNAs were 24 nt in length. An overall down-regulation trend was found for siRNAs in the spikes of both varieties after being infected with <i>F. graminearum</i>. The expression patterns for <i>Triticum aestivum</i> Dicer-like 3 (<i>TaDCL3</i>) that synthesizes 24 nt siRNAs were validated by qRT-PCR, which were positively correlated with those of the siRNAs. A total of 85% of the differentially expressed genes putatively targeted by the siRNAs were significantly up-regulated after infection, showing a negative correlation with the overall down-regulated expression of siRNAs. Interestingly, the majority of the up-regulated genes are annotated as disease resistance. These results suggested that the inhibition of siRNA by <i>F. graminearum</i> up-regulated the disease resistance genes, which were putatively suppressed by siRNAs through RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM). Consequently, the resistant capability to <i>F. graminearum</i> infection was enhanced. This study provides novel clues for investigating the function of siRNA in wheat-<i>F. graminearum</i> interaction.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/21/16005small RNA deep sequencing24 nt siRNAs<i>TaDCL3</i>RNA-directed DNA methylationFHB-resistance |
| spellingShingle | Kai Fu Qianhui Wu Ning Jiang Sijia Hu Hongyan Ye Yi Hu Lei Li Tao Li Zhengxi Sun Identification and Expressional Analysis of siRNAs Responsive to <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> Infection in Wheat International Journal of Molecular Sciences small RNA deep sequencing 24 nt siRNAs <i>TaDCL3</i> RNA-directed DNA methylation FHB-resistance |
| title | Identification and Expressional Analysis of siRNAs Responsive to <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> Infection in Wheat |
| title_full | Identification and Expressional Analysis of siRNAs Responsive to <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> Infection in Wheat |
| title_fullStr | Identification and Expressional Analysis of siRNAs Responsive to <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> Infection in Wheat |
| title_full_unstemmed | Identification and Expressional Analysis of siRNAs Responsive to <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> Infection in Wheat |
| title_short | Identification and Expressional Analysis of siRNAs Responsive to <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> Infection in Wheat |
| title_sort | identification and expressional analysis of sirnas responsive to i fusarium graminearum i infection in wheat |
| topic | small RNA deep sequencing 24 nt siRNAs <i>TaDCL3</i> RNA-directed DNA methylation FHB-resistance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/21/16005 |
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