Beetroot and carrot juice increase the risk of thyroid nodules and hypothyroidism in breast cancer patients
After diagnosis, many breast cancer patients start consuming high quantities of beetroot and carrot juice, in the hope of improving the outcome of their treatment. However, these foods are very high in nitrate, which can competitively inhibit the uptake of iodine by the thyroid, potentially leading...
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
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Amaltea Medical Publishing House
2016-09-01
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Series: | Romanian Journal of Medical Practice |
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Online Access: | https://rjmp.com.ro/articles/2016.3/RJMP_2016_3_Art-07.pdf |
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author | Diana Viorela ARTENE Cristian I. BORDEA Mircea D. CROITORU Alexandru BLIDARU |
author_facet | Diana Viorela ARTENE Cristian I. BORDEA Mircea D. CROITORU Alexandru BLIDARU |
author_sort | Diana Viorela ARTENE |
collection | DOAJ |
description | After diagnosis, many breast cancer patients start consuming high quantities of beetroot and carrot juice, in the hope of improving the outcome of their treatment. However, these foods are very high in nitrate, which can competitively inhibit the uptake of iodine by the thyroid, potentially leading to hypothyroidism or thyroid nodules. We applied a nitrate and iodine food frequency questionnare (asking about dairy, fish, seafood and iodized salt for iodine intake and spinach, carrots, beetroot, lettuce and arugula for nitrate intake) to 353 ER+/PR±/HER2-luminal A and B breast cancer patients during antiestrogenic treatment. We excluded patients with a thyroid disease diagnosis prior to the cancer diagnosis, smokers, ex-smokers and those with renal disease or bipolar disorder.
The only correlations found between dietary intake of iodine and nitrate and the incidence of de novo thyroid nodules were: decreased risk for a daily intake of minimum 250ml dairy; and increased risk for daily intakes of over 200g spinach, 250g carrots or 250g beetroot.
The correlations between dietary intake of nitrate and the incidence of de novo hypothyroidism were: decreased risk for a daily intake of iodized salt 2.5g and minimum of 100g fish or 250ml dairy; and increased risk for daily intakes of over 250g carrots or 250g beetroot.
The results of this study support the hypothesis that the increased intake of nitrate-rich foods – particularly beetroot and carrot juice – is a risk factor for de novo hypothyroidism or thyroid nodules, after a breast cancer diagnosis. |
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id | doaj.art-d9b1b5eac27c4c38a24e92d13dad4719 |
institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
issn | 1842-8258 2069-6108 |
language | English |
last_indexed | 2024-12-22T03:36:52Z |
publishDate | 2016-09-01 |
publisher | Amaltea Medical Publishing House |
record_format | Article |
series | Romanian Journal of Medical Practice |
spelling | doaj.art-d9b1b5eac27c4c38a24e92d13dad47192022-12-21T18:40:22ZengAmaltea Medical Publishing HouseRomanian Journal of Medical Practice1842-82582069-61082016-09-0111325125610.37897/RJMP.2016.3.7Beetroot and carrot juice increase the risk of thyroid nodules and hypothyroidism in breast cancer patientsDiana Viorela ARTENE0Cristian I. BORDEA1Mircea D. CROITORU2Alexandru BLIDARU3„Carol Davila“ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania„Prof. Dr. Al. Trestioreanu“ Institute of Oncology, Bucharest, RomaniaUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy, Targu Mures, Romania„Carol Davila“ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; „Prof. Dr. Al. Trestioreanu“ Institute of Oncology, Bucharest, RomaniaAfter diagnosis, many breast cancer patients start consuming high quantities of beetroot and carrot juice, in the hope of improving the outcome of their treatment. However, these foods are very high in nitrate, which can competitively inhibit the uptake of iodine by the thyroid, potentially leading to hypothyroidism or thyroid nodules. We applied a nitrate and iodine food frequency questionnare (asking about dairy, fish, seafood and iodized salt for iodine intake and spinach, carrots, beetroot, lettuce and arugula for nitrate intake) to 353 ER+/PR±/HER2-luminal A and B breast cancer patients during antiestrogenic treatment. We excluded patients with a thyroid disease diagnosis prior to the cancer diagnosis, smokers, ex-smokers and those with renal disease or bipolar disorder. The only correlations found between dietary intake of iodine and nitrate and the incidence of de novo thyroid nodules were: decreased risk for a daily intake of minimum 250ml dairy; and increased risk for daily intakes of over 200g spinach, 250g carrots or 250g beetroot. The correlations between dietary intake of nitrate and the incidence of de novo hypothyroidism were: decreased risk for a daily intake of iodized salt 2.5g and minimum of 100g fish or 250ml dairy; and increased risk for daily intakes of over 250g carrots or 250g beetroot. The results of this study support the hypothesis that the increased intake of nitrate-rich foods – particularly beetroot and carrot juice – is a risk factor for de novo hypothyroidism or thyroid nodules, after a breast cancer diagnosis.https://rjmp.com.ro/articles/2016.3/RJMP_2016_3_Art-07.pdfbreast cancerthyroid diseasebeetroot juicecompetitive iodine inhibition by nitratena+/i- symporter |
spellingShingle | Diana Viorela ARTENE Cristian I. BORDEA Mircea D. CROITORU Alexandru BLIDARU Beetroot and carrot juice increase the risk of thyroid nodules and hypothyroidism in breast cancer patients Romanian Journal of Medical Practice breast cancer thyroid disease beetroot juice competitive iodine inhibition by nitrate na+/i- symporter |
title | Beetroot and carrot juice increase the risk of thyroid nodules and hypothyroidism in breast cancer patients |
title_full | Beetroot and carrot juice increase the risk of thyroid nodules and hypothyroidism in breast cancer patients |
title_fullStr | Beetroot and carrot juice increase the risk of thyroid nodules and hypothyroidism in breast cancer patients |
title_full_unstemmed | Beetroot and carrot juice increase the risk of thyroid nodules and hypothyroidism in breast cancer patients |
title_short | Beetroot and carrot juice increase the risk of thyroid nodules and hypothyroidism in breast cancer patients |
title_sort | beetroot and carrot juice increase the risk of thyroid nodules and hypothyroidism in breast cancer patients |
topic | breast cancer thyroid disease beetroot juice competitive iodine inhibition by nitrate na+/i- symporter |
url | https://rjmp.com.ro/articles/2016.3/RJMP_2016_3_Art-07.pdf |
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