Generalized Concept and MATLAB Code for Modeling and Analyzing Wideband 90° Stub-Loaded Phase Shifters with Simulation and Experimental Verifications
In the design of phase shifters, the modeling equations are too complicated and require some approximations to be derived correctly by hand. In response to this problem, this paper presents a generalized concept, algorithm, and MATLAB code that provide the exact modeling equations of the transmissio...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/18/7773 |
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| author | Falih M. Alnahwi Yasir I. A. Al-Yasir Chan Hwang See Abdulkareem S. Abdullah Raed A. Abd-Alhameed |
| author_facet | Falih M. Alnahwi Yasir I. A. Al-Yasir Chan Hwang See Abdulkareem S. Abdullah Raed A. Abd-Alhameed |
| author_sort | Falih M. Alnahwi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the design of phase shifters, the modeling equations are too complicated and require some approximations to be derived correctly by hand. In response to this problem, this paper presents a generalized concept, algorithm, and MATLAB code that provide the exact modeling equations of the transmission parameters and the scattering parameters of any 90° wideband stub-loaded phase shifter. The proposed code gives the modeling equations in term of variables for any number of stubs and characteristic impedance value by utilizing the symbol-based analysis of the MATLAB code. It also illustrates the results as a function of normalized frequency relative to the center frequency <i>f<sub>o</sub></i>, and can be and can be tailored to any user-defined frequency range. As a matter of comparison, a three-stub wideband 90° stub-loaded phase shifter is simulated using CST Microwave Studio and experimentally fabricated on Rogers RT5880 dielectric substrate with dimensions of 30 × 40 × 0.8 mm<sup>3</sup>. The comparison reveals the accuracy of the proposed computerized modeling with −10 dB impedance bandwidth equal to 90% (0.55<i>f<sub>o</sub></i>–1.45<i>f<sub>o</sub></i>), (90°∓5°) phase difference bandwidth equal to 100% (0.5<i>f<sub>o</sub></i>–1.5<i>f<sub>o</sub></i>), and negligible insertion loss. The novelty of this work is that the proposed code provides the exact modeling equations of the stub-loaded phase shifter for any number of stubs regardless the complexity of the mathematical derivations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:02:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d9b9adedda3448fabd78f3c0f24565ae |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:02:47Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-d9b9adedda3448fabd78f3c0f24565ae2023-11-19T12:54:01ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202023-09-012318777310.3390/s23187773Generalized Concept and MATLAB Code for Modeling and Analyzing Wideband 90° Stub-Loaded Phase Shifters with Simulation and Experimental VerificationsFalih M. Alnahwi0Yasir I. A. Al-Yasir1Chan Hwang See2Abdulkareem S. Abdullah3Raed A. Abd-Alhameed4Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Basrah, Basrah 61001, IraqFaculty of Engineering and Informatics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UKSchool of Computing, Engineering and the Built Environment, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh EH10 5DT, UKDepartment of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Basrah, Basrah 61001, IraqFaculty of Engineering and Informatics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UKIn the design of phase shifters, the modeling equations are too complicated and require some approximations to be derived correctly by hand. In response to this problem, this paper presents a generalized concept, algorithm, and MATLAB code that provide the exact modeling equations of the transmission parameters and the scattering parameters of any 90° wideband stub-loaded phase shifter. The proposed code gives the modeling equations in term of variables for any number of stubs and characteristic impedance value by utilizing the symbol-based analysis of the MATLAB code. It also illustrates the results as a function of normalized frequency relative to the center frequency <i>f<sub>o</sub></i>, and can be and can be tailored to any user-defined frequency range. As a matter of comparison, a three-stub wideband 90° stub-loaded phase shifter is simulated using CST Microwave Studio and experimentally fabricated on Rogers RT5880 dielectric substrate with dimensions of 30 × 40 × 0.8 mm<sup>3</sup>. The comparison reveals the accuracy of the proposed computerized modeling with −10 dB impedance bandwidth equal to 90% (0.55<i>f<sub>o</sub></i>–1.45<i>f<sub>o</sub></i>), (90°∓5°) phase difference bandwidth equal to 100% (0.5<i>f<sub>o</sub></i>–1.5<i>f<sub>o</sub></i>), and negligible insertion loss. The novelty of this work is that the proposed code provides the exact modeling equations of the stub-loaded phase shifter for any number of stubs regardless the complexity of the mathematical derivations.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/18/7773phase shifterstub-loaded filterreflection coefficienttransmission coefficientdifferential phase |
| spellingShingle | Falih M. Alnahwi Yasir I. A. Al-Yasir Chan Hwang See Abdulkareem S. Abdullah Raed A. Abd-Alhameed Generalized Concept and MATLAB Code for Modeling and Analyzing Wideband 90° Stub-Loaded Phase Shifters with Simulation and Experimental Verifications Sensors phase shifter stub-loaded filter reflection coefficient transmission coefficient differential phase |
| title | Generalized Concept and MATLAB Code for Modeling and Analyzing Wideband 90° Stub-Loaded Phase Shifters with Simulation and Experimental Verifications |
| title_full | Generalized Concept and MATLAB Code for Modeling and Analyzing Wideband 90° Stub-Loaded Phase Shifters with Simulation and Experimental Verifications |
| title_fullStr | Generalized Concept and MATLAB Code for Modeling and Analyzing Wideband 90° Stub-Loaded Phase Shifters with Simulation and Experimental Verifications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Generalized Concept and MATLAB Code for Modeling and Analyzing Wideband 90° Stub-Loaded Phase Shifters with Simulation and Experimental Verifications |
| title_short | Generalized Concept and MATLAB Code for Modeling and Analyzing Wideband 90° Stub-Loaded Phase Shifters with Simulation and Experimental Verifications |
| title_sort | generalized concept and matlab code for modeling and analyzing wideband 90° stub loaded phase shifters with simulation and experimental verifications |
| topic | phase shifter stub-loaded filter reflection coefficient transmission coefficient differential phase |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/18/7773 |
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