Mediterranean Diet and Lifestyle Habits during Pregnancy: Is There an Association with Small for Gestational Age Infants? An Italian Single Centre Experience
Background. The small-for-gestational-age (SGA) in infants is related to an increased risk of developing Non-Communicable Diseases later in life. The Mediterranean diet (MD) is related to lower odds of being SGA. The study explored retrospectively the association between SGA, maternal MD adherence,...
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| author | Rachele De Giuseppe Manuela Bocchi Silvia Maffoni Elsa Del Bo Federica Manzoni Rosa Maria Cerbo Debora Porri Hellas Cena |
| author_facet | Rachele De Giuseppe Manuela Bocchi Silvia Maffoni Elsa Del Bo Federica Manzoni Rosa Maria Cerbo Debora Porri Hellas Cena |
| author_sort | Rachele De Giuseppe |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background. The small-for-gestational-age (SGA) in infants is related to an increased risk of developing Non-Communicable Diseases later in life. The Mediterranean diet (MD) is related to lower odds of being SGA. The study explored retrospectively the association between SGA, maternal MD adherence, lifestyle habits and other SGA risk factors during pregnancy. Methods. One hundred women (16–44 years) with a pregnancy at term were enrolled. Demographic data, parity, pre-gestational BMI, gestational weight gain, pregnancy-related diseases, and type of delivery were collected. The MD adherence (MEDI-LITE score ≥ 9), physical activity level, and smoking/alcohol consumption were registered. SGA neonates were diagnosed according to the neonatal growth curves. Results. Women were divided into “SGA group” vs. “non-SGA group”. The MD was adopted by 71% of women and its adherence was higher in the “non-SGA group” (<i>p</i> = 0.02). The prevalence of pregnancy-related diseases (gestational diabetes/pregnancy-induced hypertension) was higher in the “SGA group” (<i>p</i> = 0.01). The logistic regression showed that pregnancy-related diseases were the only independent risk factor for SGA. Conclusions. MD may indirectly reduce the risk of SGA since it prevents and exerts a positive effect on pregnancy-related diseases (e.g., gestational diabetes and hypertension). The small sample size of women in the SGA group of the study imposes a major limitation to the results and conclusions of this research, suggesting however that it is worthy of further investigation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:41:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d9bce32a9e124b54b8c01f410226eb40 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:41:26Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-d9bce32a9e124b54b8c01f410226eb402023-11-21T22:55:14ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432021-06-01136194110.3390/nu13061941Mediterranean Diet and Lifestyle Habits during Pregnancy: Is There an Association with Small for Gestational Age Infants? An Italian Single Centre ExperienceRachele De Giuseppe0Manuela Bocchi1Silvia Maffoni2Elsa Del Bo3Federica Manzoni4Rosa Maria Cerbo5Debora Porri6Hellas Cena7Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, ItalyClinical Nutrition and Dietetics Operative Unit, Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, ItalyHealth Promotion-Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Hygiene and Health Prevention Department, Health Protection Agency, 27100 Pavia, ItalyNeonatal Unit and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, ItalyLaboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, ItalyLaboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, ItalyBackground. The small-for-gestational-age (SGA) in infants is related to an increased risk of developing Non-Communicable Diseases later in life. The Mediterranean diet (MD) is related to lower odds of being SGA. The study explored retrospectively the association between SGA, maternal MD adherence, lifestyle habits and other SGA risk factors during pregnancy. Methods. One hundred women (16–44 years) with a pregnancy at term were enrolled. Demographic data, parity, pre-gestational BMI, gestational weight gain, pregnancy-related diseases, and type of delivery were collected. The MD adherence (MEDI-LITE score ≥ 9), physical activity level, and smoking/alcohol consumption were registered. SGA neonates were diagnosed according to the neonatal growth curves. Results. Women were divided into “SGA group” vs. “non-SGA group”. The MD was adopted by 71% of women and its adherence was higher in the “non-SGA group” (<i>p</i> = 0.02). The prevalence of pregnancy-related diseases (gestational diabetes/pregnancy-induced hypertension) was higher in the “SGA group” (<i>p</i> = 0.01). The logistic regression showed that pregnancy-related diseases were the only independent risk factor for SGA. Conclusions. MD may indirectly reduce the risk of SGA since it prevents and exerts a positive effect on pregnancy-related diseases (e.g., gestational diabetes and hypertension). The small sample size of women in the SGA group of the study imposes a major limitation to the results and conclusions of this research, suggesting however that it is worthy of further investigation.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/6/1941small-for-gestational-age infantsMediterranean dietlifestyle habits |
| spellingShingle | Rachele De Giuseppe Manuela Bocchi Silvia Maffoni Elsa Del Bo Federica Manzoni Rosa Maria Cerbo Debora Porri Hellas Cena Mediterranean Diet and Lifestyle Habits during Pregnancy: Is There an Association with Small for Gestational Age Infants? An Italian Single Centre Experience Nutrients small-for-gestational-age infants Mediterranean diet lifestyle habits |
| title | Mediterranean Diet and Lifestyle Habits during Pregnancy: Is There an Association with Small for Gestational Age Infants? An Italian Single Centre Experience |
| title_full | Mediterranean Diet and Lifestyle Habits during Pregnancy: Is There an Association with Small for Gestational Age Infants? An Italian Single Centre Experience |
| title_fullStr | Mediterranean Diet and Lifestyle Habits during Pregnancy: Is There an Association with Small for Gestational Age Infants? An Italian Single Centre Experience |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mediterranean Diet and Lifestyle Habits during Pregnancy: Is There an Association with Small for Gestational Age Infants? An Italian Single Centre Experience |
| title_short | Mediterranean Diet and Lifestyle Habits during Pregnancy: Is There an Association with Small for Gestational Age Infants? An Italian Single Centre Experience |
| title_sort | mediterranean diet and lifestyle habits during pregnancy is there an association with small for gestational age infants an italian single centre experience |
| topic | small-for-gestational-age infants Mediterranean diet lifestyle habits |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/6/1941 |
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