Toll-like Receptor Response to Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A Recent Overview
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains a major global health burden, causing chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are evolutionarily conserved pattern recognition receptors that detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns and activate downstream...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-05-01
|
| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/10/5475 |
| _version_ | 1797499256946294784 |
|---|---|
| author | Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh Michinori Kohara Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara |
| author_facet | Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh Michinori Kohara Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara |
| author_sort | Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains a major global health burden, causing chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are evolutionarily conserved pattern recognition receptors that detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns and activate downstream signaling to induce proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine production. An increasing number of studies have suggested the importance of TLR responses in the outcome of HCV infection. However, the exact role of innate immune responses, including TLR response, in controlling chronic HCV infection remains to be established. A proper understanding of the TLR response in HCV infection is essential for devising new therapeutic approaches against HCV infection. In this review, we discuss the progress made in our understanding of the host innate immune response to HCV infection, with a particular focus on the TLR response. In addition, we discuss the mechanisms adopted by HCV to avoid immune surveillance mediated by TLRs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:44:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d9be8730886941368f28af45e88e5020 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:44:53Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-d9be8730886941368f28af45e88e50202023-11-23T11:23:20ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-05-012310547510.3390/ijms23105475Toll-like Receptor Response to Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A Recent OverviewMohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh0Michinori Kohara1Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara2Department of Microbiology and Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barishal 8210, BangladeshDepartment of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, JapanTransboundary Animal Diseases Centre, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, JapanHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains a major global health burden, causing chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are evolutionarily conserved pattern recognition receptors that detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns and activate downstream signaling to induce proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine production. An increasing number of studies have suggested the importance of TLR responses in the outcome of HCV infection. However, the exact role of innate immune responses, including TLR response, in controlling chronic HCV infection remains to be established. A proper understanding of the TLR response in HCV infection is essential for devising new therapeutic approaches against HCV infection. In this review, we discuss the progress made in our understanding of the host innate immune response to HCV infection, with a particular focus on the TLR response. In addition, we discuss the mechanisms adopted by HCV to avoid immune surveillance mediated by TLRs.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/10/5475hepatitis C virusinfectioninnate immunityToll-like receptorcytokines |
| spellingShingle | Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh Michinori Kohara Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara Toll-like Receptor Response to Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A Recent Overview International Journal of Molecular Sciences hepatitis C virus infection innate immunity Toll-like receptor cytokines |
| title | Toll-like Receptor Response to Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A Recent Overview |
| title_full | Toll-like Receptor Response to Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A Recent Overview |
| title_fullStr | Toll-like Receptor Response to Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A Recent Overview |
| title_full_unstemmed | Toll-like Receptor Response to Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A Recent Overview |
| title_short | Toll-like Receptor Response to Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A Recent Overview |
| title_sort | toll like receptor response to hepatitis c virus infection a recent overview |
| topic | hepatitis C virus infection innate immunity Toll-like receptor cytokines |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/10/5475 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mohammadenamulhoquekayesh tolllikereceptorresponsetohepatitiscvirusinfectionarecentoverview AT michinorikohara tolllikereceptorresponsetohepatitiscvirusinfectionarecentoverview AT kyokotsukiyamakohara tolllikereceptorresponsetohepatitiscvirusinfectionarecentoverview |