Using Hepatic Gene Expression Assays in English Sole (<i>Parophrys vetulus</i>) to Investigate the Effects of Metro Vancouver Wastewater Effluents
The present study has investigated the effects of Metro Vancouver’s wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents on English sole (<i>Parophrys vetulus</i>) hepatic gene expression using novel targeted gene expression assays to complement the 2017 Burrard Inlet Ambient Monitoring Program c...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Toxics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/11/8/657 |
| _version_ | 1797583168454262784 |
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| author | Karan Parekh Vicki L. Marlatt |
| author_facet | Karan Parekh Vicki L. Marlatt |
| author_sort | Karan Parekh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The present study has investigated the effects of Metro Vancouver’s wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents on English sole (<i>Parophrys vetulus</i>) hepatic gene expression using novel targeted gene expression assays to complement the 2017 Burrard Inlet Ambient Monitoring Program conducted by Metro Vancouver. Seven locations of varying distance to the WWTPs were included. Twelve genes involved in xenobiotic defense (<i>CYP1A</i>, <i>HSP70</i>), thyroid function (<i>DIO1</i>), lipid and glucose metabolism (<i>FABP1</i>, <i>FASN</i>, <i>GLUT2</i>, <i>PPAR</i><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>δ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>, <i>PPAR</i><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>γ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>), protein synthesis (<i>18S rRNA</i>, <i>RPS4X</i>), and reproduction (<i>ER</i><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>α</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>, <i>VTG</i>) revealed several differences between these impacted sites. A key finding of the present study was that males exhibited VTG transcript levels either equivalent or exceeding female levels of this gene at all sites investigated, indicating widespread exposure of estrogenic contaminants throughout Burrard Inlet. Furthermore, the induction of hepatic CYP1A was observed due to possible downstream sites being subjected to a larger influx of certain planar halogenated and non-halogenated hydrocarbons from multiple industrial contributors. This study also revealed significant differences between the sites examined and in genes involved in transcriptional regulation and synthesis of proteins, lipids and glucose metabolism, and thyroid hormone metabolism. Collectively, this study demonstrates the potential of molecular biomarkers of urban contaminant exposure in wild caught English sole for use in diagnosing a broader range of adverse health effects when combined with conventional whole organism health indicators. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:32:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d9ceb1dc070b429680e9fb4b3c8b1f25 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2305-6304 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:32:05Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxics |
| spelling | doaj.art-d9ceb1dc070b429680e9fb4b3c8b1f252023-11-19T03:14:12ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042023-07-0111865710.3390/toxics11080657Using Hepatic Gene Expression Assays in English Sole (<i>Parophrys vetulus</i>) to Investigate the Effects of Metro Vancouver Wastewater EffluentsKaran Parekh0Vicki L. Marlatt1Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, CanadaDepartment of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, CanadaThe present study has investigated the effects of Metro Vancouver’s wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents on English sole (<i>Parophrys vetulus</i>) hepatic gene expression using novel targeted gene expression assays to complement the 2017 Burrard Inlet Ambient Monitoring Program conducted by Metro Vancouver. Seven locations of varying distance to the WWTPs were included. Twelve genes involved in xenobiotic defense (<i>CYP1A</i>, <i>HSP70</i>), thyroid function (<i>DIO1</i>), lipid and glucose metabolism (<i>FABP1</i>, <i>FASN</i>, <i>GLUT2</i>, <i>PPAR</i><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>δ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>, <i>PPAR</i><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>γ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>), protein synthesis (<i>18S rRNA</i>, <i>RPS4X</i>), and reproduction (<i>ER</i><inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>α</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>, <i>VTG</i>) revealed several differences between these impacted sites. A key finding of the present study was that males exhibited VTG transcript levels either equivalent or exceeding female levels of this gene at all sites investigated, indicating widespread exposure of estrogenic contaminants throughout Burrard Inlet. Furthermore, the induction of hepatic CYP1A was observed due to possible downstream sites being subjected to a larger influx of certain planar halogenated and non-halogenated hydrocarbons from multiple industrial contributors. This study also revealed significant differences between the sites examined and in genes involved in transcriptional regulation and synthesis of proteins, lipids and glucose metabolism, and thyroid hormone metabolism. Collectively, this study demonstrates the potential of molecular biomarkers of urban contaminant exposure in wild caught English sole for use in diagnosing a broader range of adverse health effects when combined with conventional whole organism health indicators.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/11/8/657biomarkersendocrine disrupterdifferential expressionRT-qPCRvitellogenin |
| spellingShingle | Karan Parekh Vicki L. Marlatt Using Hepatic Gene Expression Assays in English Sole (<i>Parophrys vetulus</i>) to Investigate the Effects of Metro Vancouver Wastewater Effluents Toxics biomarkers endocrine disrupter differential expression RT-qPCR vitellogenin |
| title | Using Hepatic Gene Expression Assays in English Sole (<i>Parophrys vetulus</i>) to Investigate the Effects of Metro Vancouver Wastewater Effluents |
| title_full | Using Hepatic Gene Expression Assays in English Sole (<i>Parophrys vetulus</i>) to Investigate the Effects of Metro Vancouver Wastewater Effluents |
| title_fullStr | Using Hepatic Gene Expression Assays in English Sole (<i>Parophrys vetulus</i>) to Investigate the Effects of Metro Vancouver Wastewater Effluents |
| title_full_unstemmed | Using Hepatic Gene Expression Assays in English Sole (<i>Parophrys vetulus</i>) to Investigate the Effects of Metro Vancouver Wastewater Effluents |
| title_short | Using Hepatic Gene Expression Assays in English Sole (<i>Parophrys vetulus</i>) to Investigate the Effects of Metro Vancouver Wastewater Effluents |
| title_sort | using hepatic gene expression assays in english sole i parophrys vetulus i to investigate the effects of metro vancouver wastewater effluents |
| topic | biomarkers endocrine disrupter differential expression RT-qPCR vitellogenin |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/11/8/657 |
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