Fungal Diversity Associated with Thirty-Eight Lichen Species Revealed a New Genus of Endolichenic Fungi, <i>Intumescentia</i> gen. nov. (Teratosphaeriaceae)
Fungi from the Teratosphaeriaceae (Mycosphaerellales; Dothideomycetes; Ascomycota) have a wide range of lifestyles. Among these are a few species that are endolichenic fungi. However, the known diversity of endolichenic fungi from Teratosphaeriaceae is far less understood compared to other lineages...
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Journal of Fungi |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/9/4/423 |
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| author | Hongli Si Yichen Wang Yanyu Liu Shiguo Li Tanay Bose Runlei Chang |
| author_facet | Hongli Si Yichen Wang Yanyu Liu Shiguo Li Tanay Bose Runlei Chang |
| author_sort | Hongli Si |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fungi from the Teratosphaeriaceae (Mycosphaerellales; Dothideomycetes; Ascomycota) have a wide range of lifestyles. Among these are a few species that are endolichenic fungi. However, the known diversity of endolichenic fungi from Teratosphaeriaceae is far less understood compared to other lineages of Ascomycota. We conducted five surveys from 2020 to 2021 in Yunnan Province of China, to explore the biodiversity of endolichenic fungi. During these surveys, we collected multiple samples of 38 lichen species. We recovered a total of 205 fungal isolates representing 127 species from the medullary tissues of these lichens. Most of these isolates were from Ascomycota (118 species), and the remaining were from Basidiomycota (8 species) and Mucoromycota (1 species). These endolichenic fungi represented a wide variety of guilds, including saprophytes, plant pathogens, human pathogens, as well as entomopathogenic, endolichenic, and symbiotic fungi. Morphological and molecular data indicated that 16 of the 206 fungal isolates belonged to the family Teratosphaeriaceae. Among these were six isolates that had a low sequence similarity with any of the previously described species of Teratosphaeriaceae. For these six isolates, we amplified additional gene regions and conducted phylogenetic analyses. In both single gene and multi-gene phylogenetic analyses using ITS, LSU, SSU, RPB2, TEF1, ACT, and CAL data, these six isolates emerged as a monophyletic lineage within the family Teratosphaeriaceae and sister to a clade that included fungi from the genera <i>Acidiella</i> and <i>Xenopenidiella</i>. The analyses also indicated that these six isolates represented four species. Therefore, we established a new genus, <i>Intumescentia</i> gen. nov., to describe these species as <i>Intumescentia ceratina</i>e, <i>I. tinctorum</i>, <i>I. pseudolivetorum</i>, and <i>I. vitii</i>. These four species are the first endolichenic fungi representing Teratosphaeriaceae from China. |
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| language | English |
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| spelling | doaj.art-d9d2b7ee5ebe4b15b30966f9f480e8bf2023-11-17T19:57:56ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2023-03-019442310.3390/jof9040423Fungal Diversity Associated with Thirty-Eight Lichen Species Revealed a New Genus of Endolichenic Fungi, <i>Intumescentia</i> gen. nov. (Teratosphaeriaceae)Hongli Si0Yichen Wang1Yanyu Liu2Shiguo Li3Tanay Bose4Runlei Chang5College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, ChinaDepartment of Biochemistry, Genetics & Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South AfricaCollege of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, ChinaFungi from the Teratosphaeriaceae (Mycosphaerellales; Dothideomycetes; Ascomycota) have a wide range of lifestyles. Among these are a few species that are endolichenic fungi. However, the known diversity of endolichenic fungi from Teratosphaeriaceae is far less understood compared to other lineages of Ascomycota. We conducted five surveys from 2020 to 2021 in Yunnan Province of China, to explore the biodiversity of endolichenic fungi. During these surveys, we collected multiple samples of 38 lichen species. We recovered a total of 205 fungal isolates representing 127 species from the medullary tissues of these lichens. Most of these isolates were from Ascomycota (118 species), and the remaining were from Basidiomycota (8 species) and Mucoromycota (1 species). These endolichenic fungi represented a wide variety of guilds, including saprophytes, plant pathogens, human pathogens, as well as entomopathogenic, endolichenic, and symbiotic fungi. Morphological and molecular data indicated that 16 of the 206 fungal isolates belonged to the family Teratosphaeriaceae. Among these were six isolates that had a low sequence similarity with any of the previously described species of Teratosphaeriaceae. For these six isolates, we amplified additional gene regions and conducted phylogenetic analyses. In both single gene and multi-gene phylogenetic analyses using ITS, LSU, SSU, RPB2, TEF1, ACT, and CAL data, these six isolates emerged as a monophyletic lineage within the family Teratosphaeriaceae and sister to a clade that included fungi from the genera <i>Acidiella</i> and <i>Xenopenidiella</i>. The analyses also indicated that these six isolates represented four species. Therefore, we established a new genus, <i>Intumescentia</i> gen. nov., to describe these species as <i>Intumescentia ceratina</i>e, <i>I. tinctorum</i>, <i>I. pseudolivetorum</i>, and <i>I. vitii</i>. These four species are the first endolichenic fungi representing Teratosphaeriaceae from China.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/9/4/423AscomycotaChinalichensmulti-gene phylogenyMycosphaerellales |
| spellingShingle | Hongli Si Yichen Wang Yanyu Liu Shiguo Li Tanay Bose Runlei Chang Fungal Diversity Associated with Thirty-Eight Lichen Species Revealed a New Genus of Endolichenic Fungi, <i>Intumescentia</i> gen. nov. (Teratosphaeriaceae) Journal of Fungi Ascomycota China lichens multi-gene phylogeny Mycosphaerellales |
| title | Fungal Diversity Associated with Thirty-Eight Lichen Species Revealed a New Genus of Endolichenic Fungi, <i>Intumescentia</i> gen. nov. (Teratosphaeriaceae) |
| title_full | Fungal Diversity Associated with Thirty-Eight Lichen Species Revealed a New Genus of Endolichenic Fungi, <i>Intumescentia</i> gen. nov. (Teratosphaeriaceae) |
| title_fullStr | Fungal Diversity Associated with Thirty-Eight Lichen Species Revealed a New Genus of Endolichenic Fungi, <i>Intumescentia</i> gen. nov. (Teratosphaeriaceae) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fungal Diversity Associated with Thirty-Eight Lichen Species Revealed a New Genus of Endolichenic Fungi, <i>Intumescentia</i> gen. nov. (Teratosphaeriaceae) |
| title_short | Fungal Diversity Associated with Thirty-Eight Lichen Species Revealed a New Genus of Endolichenic Fungi, <i>Intumescentia</i> gen. nov. (Teratosphaeriaceae) |
| title_sort | fungal diversity associated with thirty eight lichen species revealed a new genus of endolichenic fungi i intumescentia i gen nov teratosphaeriaceae |
| topic | Ascomycota China lichens multi-gene phylogeny Mycosphaerellales |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/9/4/423 |
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