In Vitro Study of Interleukin-6 when Used at Low Dose and Ultra-Low Dose in Micro-Immunotherapy
As one of the major cytokines implicated in the orchestration of immune responses, interleukin 6 (IL-6) can either act as a pro- or an anti-inflammatory factor, depending on the micro-environment. In micro-immunotherapy (MI) medicines, IL-6 is employed at low doses (LD) and ultra-low doses (ULD), ex...
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/14/3/375 |
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| author | Camille Jacques Flora Marchand Mathias Chatelais Adrien Brulefert Mathieu Riffault Ilaria Floris |
| author_facet | Camille Jacques Flora Marchand Mathias Chatelais Adrien Brulefert Mathieu Riffault Ilaria Floris |
| author_sort | Camille Jacques |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | As one of the major cytokines implicated in the orchestration of immune responses, interleukin 6 (IL-6) can either act as a pro- or an anti-inflammatory factor, depending on the micro-environment. In micro-immunotherapy (MI) medicines, IL-6 is employed at low doses (LD) and ultra-low doses (ULD), expressed in centesimal Hahnemannian (CH), and used alone or in combination with other immune regulators to modulate patients’ immune responses. The present study focused on assessing the in vitro immune-modulatory effects of two IL-6-containing MI products: (i) the unitary IL-6 (4 CH) and (ii) the complex MI-medicine (MIM) 2LALERG<sup>®</sup>, which includes IL-6 (17 CH) in association with other actives in its formulation. Our results showed that IL-6 (4 CH) activated granulocytes under basal conditions, and natural killer cells in the presence of an anti-CD3 signal, as assessed by their CD69 expression. In addition, IL-6 (4 CH) balanced the macrophages’ differentiation toward a M2a profile. On the other hand, the tested 2LALERG<sup>®</sup> capsule inhibited the histamine degranulation of rats’ peritoneal mast cells and reduced the release of IL-6 itself in inflamed human macrophages. Altogether, these data provide novel pieces of evidence on the double-edged potential of the LD and ULD of IL-6 in immune responses modulation, when employed in MI. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:05:18Z |
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| id | doaj.art-d9d3379401a141c7b5e1a50ceb360d2a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-1729 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:05:18Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
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| series | Life |
| spelling | doaj.art-d9d3379401a141c7b5e1a50ceb360d2a2024-03-27T13:51:16ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292024-03-0114337510.3390/life14030375In Vitro Study of Interleukin-6 when Used at Low Dose and Ultra-Low Dose in Micro-ImmunotherapyCamille Jacques0Flora Marchand1Mathias Chatelais2Adrien Brulefert3Mathieu Riffault4Ilaria Floris5Preclinical Research Department, Labo’Life France, Pescalis-Les Magnys, 79320 Moncoutant-sur-Sevre, FranceProfileHIT, 7 rue du Buisson, 44680 Sainte-Pazanne, FranceProfileHIT, 7 rue du Buisson, 44680 Sainte-Pazanne, FranceQIMA Life Sciences, 1 bis rue des Plantes–CS 50011–86160, 44680 Gençay, FranceAtlantic Bone Screen (ABS), 3 rue Aronnax, 44800 Saint-Herblain, FrancePreclinical Research Department, Labo’Life France, Pescalis-Les Magnys, 79320 Moncoutant-sur-Sevre, FranceAs one of the major cytokines implicated in the orchestration of immune responses, interleukin 6 (IL-6) can either act as a pro- or an anti-inflammatory factor, depending on the micro-environment. In micro-immunotherapy (MI) medicines, IL-6 is employed at low doses (LD) and ultra-low doses (ULD), expressed in centesimal Hahnemannian (CH), and used alone or in combination with other immune regulators to modulate patients’ immune responses. The present study focused on assessing the in vitro immune-modulatory effects of two IL-6-containing MI products: (i) the unitary IL-6 (4 CH) and (ii) the complex MI-medicine (MIM) 2LALERG<sup>®</sup>, which includes IL-6 (17 CH) in association with other actives in its formulation. Our results showed that IL-6 (4 CH) activated granulocytes under basal conditions, and natural killer cells in the presence of an anti-CD3 signal, as assessed by their CD69 expression. In addition, IL-6 (4 CH) balanced the macrophages’ differentiation toward a M2a profile. On the other hand, the tested 2LALERG<sup>®</sup> capsule inhibited the histamine degranulation of rats’ peritoneal mast cells and reduced the release of IL-6 itself in inflamed human macrophages. Altogether, these data provide novel pieces of evidence on the double-edged potential of the LD and ULD of IL-6 in immune responses modulation, when employed in MI.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/14/3/375micro-immunotherapylow dosesultra-low dosesinterleukin-6immune cells modelsimmune responses modulation |
| spellingShingle | Camille Jacques Flora Marchand Mathias Chatelais Adrien Brulefert Mathieu Riffault Ilaria Floris In Vitro Study of Interleukin-6 when Used at Low Dose and Ultra-Low Dose in Micro-Immunotherapy Life micro-immunotherapy low doses ultra-low doses interleukin-6 immune cells models immune responses modulation |
| title | In Vitro Study of Interleukin-6 when Used at Low Dose and Ultra-Low Dose in Micro-Immunotherapy |
| title_full | In Vitro Study of Interleukin-6 when Used at Low Dose and Ultra-Low Dose in Micro-Immunotherapy |
| title_fullStr | In Vitro Study of Interleukin-6 when Used at Low Dose and Ultra-Low Dose in Micro-Immunotherapy |
| title_full_unstemmed | In Vitro Study of Interleukin-6 when Used at Low Dose and Ultra-Low Dose in Micro-Immunotherapy |
| title_short | In Vitro Study of Interleukin-6 when Used at Low Dose and Ultra-Low Dose in Micro-Immunotherapy |
| title_sort | in vitro study of interleukin 6 when used at low dose and ultra low dose in micro immunotherapy |
| topic | micro-immunotherapy low doses ultra-low doses interleukin-6 immune cells models immune responses modulation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/14/3/375 |
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