<i>Curcuma raktakanda</i> Induces Apoptosis and Suppresses Migration in Cancer Cells: Role of Reactive Oxygen Species
Although over 100 species of Curcuma are reported, only <i>Curcuma longa</i> is extensively studied. <i>Curcuma raktakanda</i>, a poorly studied species, is most commonly distributed in the Kerala state of India. For the first time, we examined the efficacy of different fract...
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MDPI AG
2019-04-01
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| Series: | Biomolecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/9/4/159 |
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| author | Shruti Mishra Sumit Singh Verma Vipin Rai Nikee Awasthee Jayadev S. Arya Kaustabh K. Maiti Subash C. Gupta |
| author_facet | Shruti Mishra Sumit Singh Verma Vipin Rai Nikee Awasthee Jayadev S. Arya Kaustabh K. Maiti Subash C. Gupta |
| author_sort | Shruti Mishra |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Although over 100 species of Curcuma are reported, only <i>Curcuma longa</i> is extensively studied. <i>Curcuma raktakanda</i>, a poorly studied species, is most commonly distributed in the Kerala state of India. For the first time, we examined the efficacy of different fractions (acetone, hexane, and ethyl acetate) of <i>C. raktakanda</i> against glioma, cervical, and breast cancer cell lines. As determined by mitochondrial reductase activity assay, the viability of cancer cells was decreased in a concentration-dependent manner by the three fractions. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC-50) values after the treatment of C-6 glioma cells for 48 h was found to be 32.97 µg/mL (acetone extract), 40.63 µg/mL (hexane extract), and 51.65 µg/mL (ethyl acetate extract). Of the three fractions, the acetone fraction was more effective. The long-term colony formation of cancer cells was significantly suppressed by the acetone fraction. Analyses using DAPI (4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining, AO/PI (acridine orange/propidium iodide) staining, DNA laddering, and sub-G1 population revealed that the acetone extract induced apoptosis in glioma cells. The extract induced reactive oxygen species generation and suppressed the expression of cell survival proteins. The migration of cancer cells was also suppressed by the acetone extract. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis indicated that tetracontane, dotriacontane, hexatriacontane, pentacosane, hexacosane, and eicosane are the major components in the acetone extract. Collectively, the extract from <i>C. raktakanda</i> exhibited anti-carcinogenic activities in cancer cells. We are exploring whether the phytoconstituents, individually, or collectively contribute to the anti-cancer activities of <i>C. raktakanda</i>. |
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| publishDate | 2019-04-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-d9d57de3b44c4151b0cd43d2dfac14aa2022-12-22T02:49:58ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2019-04-019415910.3390/biom9040159biom9040159<i>Curcuma raktakanda</i> Induces Apoptosis and Suppresses Migration in Cancer Cells: Role of Reactive Oxygen SpeciesShruti Mishra0Sumit Singh Verma1Vipin Rai2Nikee Awasthee3Jayadev S. Arya4Kaustabh K. Maiti5Subash C. Gupta6Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005, IndiaLaboratory for Translational Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005, IndiaLaboratory for Translational Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005, IndiaLaboratory for Translational Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005, IndiaCSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Chemical Science and Technology Division, Organic Chemistry Section, Trivandrum-695019, IndiaCSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Chemical Science and Technology Division, Organic Chemistry Section, Trivandrum-695019, IndiaLaboratory for Translational Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005, IndiaAlthough over 100 species of Curcuma are reported, only <i>Curcuma longa</i> is extensively studied. <i>Curcuma raktakanda</i>, a poorly studied species, is most commonly distributed in the Kerala state of India. For the first time, we examined the efficacy of different fractions (acetone, hexane, and ethyl acetate) of <i>C. raktakanda</i> against glioma, cervical, and breast cancer cell lines. As determined by mitochondrial reductase activity assay, the viability of cancer cells was decreased in a concentration-dependent manner by the three fractions. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC-50) values after the treatment of C-6 glioma cells for 48 h was found to be 32.97 µg/mL (acetone extract), 40.63 µg/mL (hexane extract), and 51.65 µg/mL (ethyl acetate extract). Of the three fractions, the acetone fraction was more effective. The long-term colony formation of cancer cells was significantly suppressed by the acetone fraction. Analyses using DAPI (4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining, AO/PI (acridine orange/propidium iodide) staining, DNA laddering, and sub-G1 population revealed that the acetone extract induced apoptosis in glioma cells. The extract induced reactive oxygen species generation and suppressed the expression of cell survival proteins. The migration of cancer cells was also suppressed by the acetone extract. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis indicated that tetracontane, dotriacontane, hexatriacontane, pentacosane, hexacosane, and eicosane are the major components in the acetone extract. Collectively, the extract from <i>C. raktakanda</i> exhibited anti-carcinogenic activities in cancer cells. We are exploring whether the phytoconstituents, individually, or collectively contribute to the anti-cancer activities of <i>C. raktakanda</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/9/4/159cancercurcumaglioblastomainflammationreactive oxygen species |
| spellingShingle | Shruti Mishra Sumit Singh Verma Vipin Rai Nikee Awasthee Jayadev S. Arya Kaustabh K. Maiti Subash C. Gupta <i>Curcuma raktakanda</i> Induces Apoptosis and Suppresses Migration in Cancer Cells: Role of Reactive Oxygen Species Biomolecules cancer curcuma glioblastoma inflammation reactive oxygen species |
| title | <i>Curcuma raktakanda</i> Induces Apoptosis and Suppresses Migration in Cancer Cells: Role of Reactive Oxygen Species |
| title_full | <i>Curcuma raktakanda</i> Induces Apoptosis and Suppresses Migration in Cancer Cells: Role of Reactive Oxygen Species |
| title_fullStr | <i>Curcuma raktakanda</i> Induces Apoptosis and Suppresses Migration in Cancer Cells: Role of Reactive Oxygen Species |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Curcuma raktakanda</i> Induces Apoptosis and Suppresses Migration in Cancer Cells: Role of Reactive Oxygen Species |
| title_short | <i>Curcuma raktakanda</i> Induces Apoptosis and Suppresses Migration in Cancer Cells: Role of Reactive Oxygen Species |
| title_sort | i curcuma raktakanda i induces apoptosis and suppresses migration in cancer cells role of reactive oxygen species |
| topic | cancer curcuma glioblastoma inflammation reactive oxygen species |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/9/4/159 |
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