An Improved Groundwater Model Framework for Aquifer Structures of the Quaternary-Formed Sediment Body in the Southernmost Parts of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam
The Ca Mau peninsula (CMP) is a key economic region in southern Vietnam. In recent decades, the high demand for water has increased the exploitation of groundwater, thus lowering the groundwater level and leading to risks of degradation, depletion, and land subsidence, as well as salinity intrusion...
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Hydrology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5338/9/4/61 |
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| author | Tran Viet Hoan Karl-Gerd Richter Nicolas Börsig Jonas Bauer Nguyen Thi Ha Stefan Norra |
| author_facet | Tran Viet Hoan Karl-Gerd Richter Nicolas Börsig Jonas Bauer Nguyen Thi Ha Stefan Norra |
| author_sort | Tran Viet Hoan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Ca Mau peninsula (CMP) is a key economic region in southern Vietnam. In recent decades, the high demand for water has increased the exploitation of groundwater, thus lowering the groundwater level and leading to risks of degradation, depletion, and land subsidence, as well as salinity intrusion in the groundwater of the whole Mekong Delta region. By using a finite element groundwater model with boundary expansion to the sea, we updated the latest data on hydrogeological profiles, groundwater levels, and exploitation. The basic model setup covers seven aquifers and seven aquitards. It is determined that the inflow along the coastline to the mainland is 39% of the total inflow. The exploitation of the study area in 2019 was 567,364 m<sup>3</sup>/day. The most exploited aquifers are the upper-middle Pleistocene (qp<sub>2–3</sub>) and the middle Pliocene (n<sub>2</sub><sup>2</sup>), accounting for 63.7% and 24.6%, respectively; the least exploited aquifers are the upper Pleistocene and the upper Miocene, accounting for 0.35% and 0.02%, respectively. In the deeper aquifers, qp<sub>2–3</sub> and n<sub>2</sub><sup>2</sup>, the change in storage is negative due to the high exploitation rate, leading to a decline in the reserves of these aquifers. These groundwater model results are the calculations of groundwater reserves from the coast to the mainland in the entire system of aquifers in the CMP. This makes groundwater decision managers, stakeholders, and others more efficient in sustainable water resources planning in the CMP and Mekong Delta (MKD). |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:35:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d9dd506699e24a6b8475d1a224ff60f9 |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:35:35Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
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| series | Hydrology |
| spelling | doaj.art-d9dd506699e24a6b8475d1a224ff60f92023-12-01T21:00:57ZengMDPI AGHydrology2306-53382022-04-01946110.3390/hydrology9040061An Improved Groundwater Model Framework for Aquifer Structures of the Quaternary-Formed Sediment Body in the Southernmost Parts of the Mekong Delta, VietnamTran Viet Hoan0Karl-Gerd Richter1Nicolas Börsig2Jonas Bauer3Nguyen Thi Ha4Stefan Norra5Institute of Applied Geosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20b, 76131 Karlsruhe, GermanyAquantec Company for Water and Environment GmbH, Am Zwinger 5, 76227 Karlsruhe, GermanyInstitute of Applied Geosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20b, 76131 Karlsruhe, GermanyInstitute of Applied Geosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20b, 76131 Karlsruhe, GermanyNational Center for Water Resources Planning and Investigation (NAWAPI), Hanoi 100000, VietnamInstitute of Environmental Sciences and Geography, Soil Sciences and Geoecology, Campus Golm, Potsdam University, Building 12, 14476 Potsdam, GermanyThe Ca Mau peninsula (CMP) is a key economic region in southern Vietnam. In recent decades, the high demand for water has increased the exploitation of groundwater, thus lowering the groundwater level and leading to risks of degradation, depletion, and land subsidence, as well as salinity intrusion in the groundwater of the whole Mekong Delta region. By using a finite element groundwater model with boundary expansion to the sea, we updated the latest data on hydrogeological profiles, groundwater levels, and exploitation. The basic model setup covers seven aquifers and seven aquitards. It is determined that the inflow along the coastline to the mainland is 39% of the total inflow. The exploitation of the study area in 2019 was 567,364 m<sup>3</sup>/day. The most exploited aquifers are the upper-middle Pleistocene (qp<sub>2–3</sub>) and the middle Pliocene (n<sub>2</sub><sup>2</sup>), accounting for 63.7% and 24.6%, respectively; the least exploited aquifers are the upper Pleistocene and the upper Miocene, accounting for 0.35% and 0.02%, respectively. In the deeper aquifers, qp<sub>2–3</sub> and n<sub>2</sub><sup>2</sup>, the change in storage is negative due to the high exploitation rate, leading to a decline in the reserves of these aquifers. These groundwater model results are the calculations of groundwater reserves from the coast to the mainland in the entire system of aquifers in the CMP. This makes groundwater decision managers, stakeholders, and others more efficient in sustainable water resources planning in the CMP and Mekong Delta (MKD).https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5338/9/4/61groundwater modelinghydrogeologyaquifers systemwater balancevalidation of modelCa Mau peninsula |
| spellingShingle | Tran Viet Hoan Karl-Gerd Richter Nicolas Börsig Jonas Bauer Nguyen Thi Ha Stefan Norra An Improved Groundwater Model Framework for Aquifer Structures of the Quaternary-Formed Sediment Body in the Southernmost Parts of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam Hydrology groundwater modeling hydrogeology aquifers system water balance validation of model Ca Mau peninsula |
| title | An Improved Groundwater Model Framework for Aquifer Structures of the Quaternary-Formed Sediment Body in the Southernmost Parts of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam |
| title_full | An Improved Groundwater Model Framework for Aquifer Structures of the Quaternary-Formed Sediment Body in the Southernmost Parts of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam |
| title_fullStr | An Improved Groundwater Model Framework for Aquifer Structures of the Quaternary-Formed Sediment Body in the Southernmost Parts of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Improved Groundwater Model Framework for Aquifer Structures of the Quaternary-Formed Sediment Body in the Southernmost Parts of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam |
| title_short | An Improved Groundwater Model Framework for Aquifer Structures of the Quaternary-Formed Sediment Body in the Southernmost Parts of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam |
| title_sort | improved groundwater model framework for aquifer structures of the quaternary formed sediment body in the southernmost parts of the mekong delta vietnam |
| topic | groundwater modeling hydrogeology aquifers system water balance validation of model Ca Mau peninsula |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5338/9/4/61 |
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