Tribological Performance Investigation of a Commercial Engine Oil Incorporating Reduced Graphene Oxide as Additive
We investigated the tribological behavior of commercialized, fully synthetic engine oil upon the incorporation of reduced graphene oxide in seven different concentrations between 0.01 and 0.2 wt %. Stability of the prepared samples was assessed by turbidimetry and dynamic light scattering measuremen...
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/2/386 |
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| author | Hakan Kaleli Selman Demirtaş Veli Uysal Ioannis Karnis Minas M. Stylianakis Spiros H. Anastasiadis Dae-Eun Kim |
| author_facet | Hakan Kaleli Selman Demirtaş Veli Uysal Ioannis Karnis Minas M. Stylianakis Spiros H. Anastasiadis Dae-Eun Kim |
| author_sort | Hakan Kaleli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We investigated the tribological behavior of commercialized, fully synthetic engine oil upon the incorporation of reduced graphene oxide in seven different concentrations between 0.01 and 0.2 wt %. Stability of the prepared samples was assessed by turbidimetry and dynamic light scattering measurements, and their tribological properties through a reciprocating tribometer, using a steel ball on special cut steel blocks. The addition of 0.02 wt % of reduced graphene oxide led to an improvement of the tribological behavior compared to the pristine engine oil, by significantly lowering the friction coefficient by 5% in the boundary lubrication regime. Both the surfaces and the reduced graphene oxide additive were thoroughly characterized by microscopic and optical spectroscopy techniques. We also verified that a protective layer was formed between the worn surfaces, due to the presence of reduced graphene oxide. Carbon accumulation and various additive elements such as Ca, Zn, S and P were detected on the rubbing surfaces of both the ball and the block through energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Finally, it was shown that the wear scar diameter on the surface of the steel ball was lower by 3%, upon testing the engine oil sample containing reduced graphene oxide at concentration 0.02 wt %, compared to the control sample. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:54:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d9e22e5d2a3d43a9aadf8a7b46cef1b2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:54:43Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-d9e22e5d2a3d43a9aadf8a7b46cef1b22023-12-03T12:15:03ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912021-02-0111238610.3390/nano11020386Tribological Performance Investigation of a Commercial Engine Oil Incorporating Reduced Graphene Oxide as AdditiveHakan Kaleli0Selman Demirtaş1Veli Uysal2Ioannis Karnis3Minas M. Stylianakis4Spiros H. Anastasiadis5Dae-Eun Kim6Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Automotive Division, Yildiz Technical University, Besiktas, Yildiz, 34349 Istanbul, TurkeyFaculty of Mechanical Engineering, Automotive Division, Yildiz Technical University, Besiktas, Yildiz, 34349 Istanbul, TurkeyFaculty of Mechanical Engineering, Automotive Division, Yildiz Technical University, Besiktas, Yildiz, 34349 Istanbul, TurkeyInstitute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete, GreeceInstitute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete, GreeceInstitute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete, GreeceCenter for Nano-Wear, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, KoreaWe investigated the tribological behavior of commercialized, fully synthetic engine oil upon the incorporation of reduced graphene oxide in seven different concentrations between 0.01 and 0.2 wt %. Stability of the prepared samples was assessed by turbidimetry and dynamic light scattering measurements, and their tribological properties through a reciprocating tribometer, using a steel ball on special cut steel blocks. The addition of 0.02 wt % of reduced graphene oxide led to an improvement of the tribological behavior compared to the pristine engine oil, by significantly lowering the friction coefficient by 5% in the boundary lubrication regime. Both the surfaces and the reduced graphene oxide additive were thoroughly characterized by microscopic and optical spectroscopy techniques. We also verified that a protective layer was formed between the worn surfaces, due to the presence of reduced graphene oxide. Carbon accumulation and various additive elements such as Ca, Zn, S and P were detected on the rubbing surfaces of both the ball and the block through energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Finally, it was shown that the wear scar diameter on the surface of the steel ball was lower by 3%, upon testing the engine oil sample containing reduced graphene oxide at concentration 0.02 wt %, compared to the control sample.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/2/386reduced graphene oxidedispersionengine oil additives5W-40frictionfriction coefficient |
| spellingShingle | Hakan Kaleli Selman Demirtaş Veli Uysal Ioannis Karnis Minas M. Stylianakis Spiros H. Anastasiadis Dae-Eun Kim Tribological Performance Investigation of a Commercial Engine Oil Incorporating Reduced Graphene Oxide as Additive Nanomaterials reduced graphene oxide dispersion engine oil additives 5W-40 friction friction coefficient |
| title | Tribological Performance Investigation of a Commercial Engine Oil Incorporating Reduced Graphene Oxide as Additive |
| title_full | Tribological Performance Investigation of a Commercial Engine Oil Incorporating Reduced Graphene Oxide as Additive |
| title_fullStr | Tribological Performance Investigation of a Commercial Engine Oil Incorporating Reduced Graphene Oxide as Additive |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tribological Performance Investigation of a Commercial Engine Oil Incorporating Reduced Graphene Oxide as Additive |
| title_short | Tribological Performance Investigation of a Commercial Engine Oil Incorporating Reduced Graphene Oxide as Additive |
| title_sort | tribological performance investigation of a commercial engine oil incorporating reduced graphene oxide as additive |
| topic | reduced graphene oxide dispersion engine oil additives 5W-40 friction friction coefficient |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/2/386 |
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