Laser Pulse Effects on Plasma-Sprayed and Bulk Tungsten
Tungsten (W) is considered a promising plasma-facing material for protecting the divertor of the ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor). The effects on W of transient thermal loads of high energy occurring in a tokamak under operative conditions have been simulated through a single...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2017-10-01
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| Series: | Metals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/7/11/454 |
| _version_ | 1811257410462941184 |
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| author | Roberto Montanari Ekaterina Pakhomova Roberto Pizzoferrato Maria Richetta Alessandra Varone |
| author_facet | Roberto Montanari Ekaterina Pakhomova Roberto Pizzoferrato Maria Richetta Alessandra Varone |
| author_sort | Roberto Montanari |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tungsten (W) is considered a promising plasma-facing material for protecting the divertor of the ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor). The effects on W of transient thermal loads of high energy occurring in a tokamak under operative conditions have been simulated through a single laser pulse delivered by an Nd:YAG laser. Bulk and plasma-sprayed (PS) samples have been submitted to tests and successively examined via SEM (scanning electron microscopy) observations. In both types of materials, the laser pulse induces similar effects: (i) a crater forms in the spot central area; (ii) all around the area, the ejection and the movement of molten metal give rise to a ridge; (iii) in a more external area, the surface shows plates with jagged boundaries and cracks induced by thermal stresses; (iv) the pores present in the original material become preferred ablation sites. However, the affected surface area in PS samples is larger and asymmetric if compared to that of bulk material. Such a difference has been explained by considering how microstructural characteristics influence heat propagation from the irradiated spot, and it was found that grain size and shape play a decisive role. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T17:55:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d9e87c7811c6418facb111fdde109a77 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4701 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T17:55:58Z |
| publishDate | 2017-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metals |
| spelling | doaj.art-d9e87c7811c6418facb111fdde109a772022-12-22T03:22:20ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012017-10-0171145410.3390/met7110454met7110454Laser Pulse Effects on Plasma-Sprayed and Bulk TungstenRoberto Montanari0Ekaterina Pakhomova1Roberto Pizzoferrato2Maria Richetta3Alessandra Varone4Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, ItalyTungsten (W) is considered a promising plasma-facing material for protecting the divertor of the ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor). The effects on W of transient thermal loads of high energy occurring in a tokamak under operative conditions have been simulated through a single laser pulse delivered by an Nd:YAG laser. Bulk and plasma-sprayed (PS) samples have been submitted to tests and successively examined via SEM (scanning electron microscopy) observations. In both types of materials, the laser pulse induces similar effects: (i) a crater forms in the spot central area; (ii) all around the area, the ejection and the movement of molten metal give rise to a ridge; (iii) in a more external area, the surface shows plates with jagged boundaries and cracks induced by thermal stresses; (iv) the pores present in the original material become preferred ablation sites. However, the affected surface area in PS samples is larger and asymmetric if compared to that of bulk material. Such a difference has been explained by considering how microstructural characteristics influence heat propagation from the irradiated spot, and it was found that grain size and shape play a decisive role.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/7/11/454tungstenplasma sprayinglasermicrostructurenuclear fusion reactors |
| spellingShingle | Roberto Montanari Ekaterina Pakhomova Roberto Pizzoferrato Maria Richetta Alessandra Varone Laser Pulse Effects on Plasma-Sprayed and Bulk Tungsten Metals tungsten plasma spraying laser microstructure nuclear fusion reactors |
| title | Laser Pulse Effects on Plasma-Sprayed and Bulk Tungsten |
| title_full | Laser Pulse Effects on Plasma-Sprayed and Bulk Tungsten |
| title_fullStr | Laser Pulse Effects on Plasma-Sprayed and Bulk Tungsten |
| title_full_unstemmed | Laser Pulse Effects on Plasma-Sprayed and Bulk Tungsten |
| title_short | Laser Pulse Effects on Plasma-Sprayed and Bulk Tungsten |
| title_sort | laser pulse effects on plasma sprayed and bulk tungsten |
| topic | tungsten plasma spraying laser microstructure nuclear fusion reactors |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/7/11/454 |
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