Impact of Mast Cells in Rejection of Allografts
Mast cells in the tissue are located close to nerves in and around the small vessels where they orchestrate important immune response after antigen recognition through Toll-like receptors. Mast cells can activate T and B lymphocytes and dendritic cells and have been postulated to act directly within...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
SAGE Publishing
2013-09-01
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| Series: | European Journal of Inflammation |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1177/1721727X1301100305 |
| _version_ | 1828429693645225984 |
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| author | S.K. Kritas A. Saggini G. Varvara G. Murmura A. Caraffa P. Antinolfi E. Tomato A. Pantalone G. Neri S. Frydas M. Rosati M. Tei A. Speziali R. Saggini F. Pandolfi G. Cerulli T.C. Theoharides P. Conti |
| author_facet | S.K. Kritas A. Saggini G. Varvara G. Murmura A. Caraffa P. Antinolfi E. Tomato A. Pantalone G. Neri S. Frydas M. Rosati M. Tei A. Speziali R. Saggini F. Pandolfi G. Cerulli T.C. Theoharides P. Conti |
| author_sort | S.K. Kritas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mast cells in the tissue are located close to nerves in and around the small vessels where they orchestrate important immune response after antigen recognition through Toll-like receptors. Mast cells can activate T and B lymphocytes and dendritic cells and have been postulated to act directly within tissue allografts and/or to induce indirect effects via inflammatory mediator release, therefore they have been shown to play an indispensable role in allograft tolerance. Major limitation in the success of transplantation is the immune response of the recipient to the donor tissue. The failure of tissue grafting is caused by an inflammatory reaction called rejection. Mast cells play a role during immune response and are elicited with transplanted allograft and also may exhibit their immune-regulatory effects directly through secretion of modulatory cytokines and activation of metabolic pathways. However, the role of mast cells in transplantation is poorly understood. The most severe rejection episodes have been found in patients with an increased number of mast cells. Mast cell mediators which can activate latent forms of TGF-β or increase angiotensin II levels are capable of inducing fibrosis through various mechanisms, activating fibroblasts and inducing collagen synthesis. Mast cells are also implicated in regulatory T-cell functions and are required to sustain peripheral tolerance via Treg, therefore there is an interaction between mast cells and Treg cells. Treg create IL-9 in enhancing mast cell growth and Chemotaxis, suggesting that Treg and mast cells form a functional unit that mediates graft tolerance. In this study we concentrate our attention on the role of mast cells in rejection of allografts and try to understand the role of mast cell-related immune mechanisms in organ transplantation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T17:37:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-da05e8b62d744bafbbc1091d2fb76335 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1721-727X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T17:37:57Z |
| publishDate | 2013-09-01 |
| publisher | SAGE Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | European Journal of Inflammation |
| spelling | doaj.art-da05e8b62d744bafbbc1091d2fb763352022-12-22T01:39:29ZengSAGE PublishingEuropean Journal of Inflammation1721-727X2013-09-011110.1177/1721727X1301100305Impact of Mast Cells in Rejection of AllograftsS.K. Kritas0A. Saggini1G. Varvara2G. Murmura3A. Caraffa4P. Antinolfi5E. Tomato6A. Pantalone7G. Neri8S. Frydas9M. Rosati10M. Tei11A. Speziali12R. Saggini13F. Pandolfi14G. Cerulli15T.C. Theoharides16P. Conti17 Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece Department of Dermatology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy Dental School, University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy Dental School, University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy Orthopedic Division, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy Orthopedic Division, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy Immunology Division, Medical School, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy Orthopedic Division, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy Department of Neurosciences and Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, G. d'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy Department of Parasitology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece Gynecology Clinic, Pescara Hospital, Pescara, Italy Nicola's Foundation, Onlus, Arezzo, Italy Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy Department of Neurosciences and Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, G. d'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy Nicola's Foundation, Onlus, Arezzo, Italy Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Biochemistry and Internal Medicine Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA Immunology Division, Medical School, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, ItalyMast cells in the tissue are located close to nerves in and around the small vessels where they orchestrate important immune response after antigen recognition through Toll-like receptors. Mast cells can activate T and B lymphocytes and dendritic cells and have been postulated to act directly within tissue allografts and/or to induce indirect effects via inflammatory mediator release, therefore they have been shown to play an indispensable role in allograft tolerance. Major limitation in the success of transplantation is the immune response of the recipient to the donor tissue. The failure of tissue grafting is caused by an inflammatory reaction called rejection. Mast cells play a role during immune response and are elicited with transplanted allograft and also may exhibit their immune-regulatory effects directly through secretion of modulatory cytokines and activation of metabolic pathways. However, the role of mast cells in transplantation is poorly understood. The most severe rejection episodes have been found in patients with an increased number of mast cells. Mast cell mediators which can activate latent forms of TGF-β or increase angiotensin II levels are capable of inducing fibrosis through various mechanisms, activating fibroblasts and inducing collagen synthesis. Mast cells are also implicated in regulatory T-cell functions and are required to sustain peripheral tolerance via Treg, therefore there is an interaction between mast cells and Treg cells. Treg create IL-9 in enhancing mast cell growth and Chemotaxis, suggesting that Treg and mast cells form a functional unit that mediates graft tolerance. In this study we concentrate our attention on the role of mast cells in rejection of allografts and try to understand the role of mast cell-related immune mechanisms in organ transplantation.https://doi.org/10.1177/1721727X1301100305 |
| spellingShingle | S.K. Kritas A. Saggini G. Varvara G. Murmura A. Caraffa P. Antinolfi E. Tomato A. Pantalone G. Neri S. Frydas M. Rosati M. Tei A. Speziali R. Saggini F. Pandolfi G. Cerulli T.C. Theoharides P. Conti Impact of Mast Cells in Rejection of Allografts European Journal of Inflammation |
| title | Impact of Mast Cells in Rejection of Allografts |
| title_full | Impact of Mast Cells in Rejection of Allografts |
| title_fullStr | Impact of Mast Cells in Rejection of Allografts |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of Mast Cells in Rejection of Allografts |
| title_short | Impact of Mast Cells in Rejection of Allografts |
| title_sort | impact of mast cells in rejection of allografts |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1177/1721727X1301100305 |
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