| Summary: | <i>Cannabis sativa</i> is one of the oldest medicinal plants in the world. It was introduced into western medicine during the early 19th century. It contains a complex mixture of secondary metabolites, including cannabinoids and non-cannabinoid-type constituents. More than 500 compounds have been reported from <i>C. sativa</i>, of which 125 cannabinoids have been isolated and/or identified as cannabinoids. Cannabinoids are C<sub>21</sub> terpeno-phenolic compounds specific to <i>Cannabis.</i> The non-cannabinoid constituents include: non-cannabinoid phenols, flavonoids, terpenes, alkaloids and others. This review discusses the chemistry of the cannabinoids and major non-cannabinoid constituents (terpenes, non-cannabinoid phenolics, and alkaloids) with special emphasis on their chemical structures, methods of isolation, and identification.
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