Comparison of Salivary pH, Buffering Capacity and Alkaline Phosphatase in Smokers and Healthy Non-Smokers : Retrospective cohort study
Objectives: Saliva contains alkaline phosphatase (ALP)—a key intracellular enzyme related to destructive processes and cellular damage—and has buffering capacity (BC) against acids due to the presence of bicarbonate and phosphate ions. Smoking may have deleterious effects on the oral environment due...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Sultan Qaboos University
2016-08-01
|
| Series: | Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://journals.squ.edu.om/index.php/squmj/article/view/2159 |
| _version_ | 1811260759753097216 |
|---|---|
| author | Fatemeh Ahmadi-Motamayel Parisa Falsafi Mohammad T. Goodarzi Jalal Poorolajal |
| author_facet | Fatemeh Ahmadi-Motamayel Parisa Falsafi Mohammad T. Goodarzi Jalal Poorolajal |
| author_sort | Fatemeh Ahmadi-Motamayel |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objectives: Saliva contains alkaline phosphatase (ALP)—a key intracellular enzyme related to destructive processes and cellular damage—and has buffering capacity (BC) against acids due to the presence of bicarbonate and phosphate ions. Smoking may have deleterious effects on the oral environment due to pH changes which can affect ALP activity. This study aimed to evaluate the salivary pH, BC and ALP activity of male smokers and healthy non-smokers. Methods: This retrospective cohort study took place between August 2012 and December 2013. A total of 251 healthy male non-smokers and 259 male smokers from Hamadan, Iran, were selected. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected from each participant and pH and BC were determined using a pH meter. Salivary enzymes were measured by spectrophotometric assay. Results: Mean salivary pH (7.42 ± 0.48 and 7.52 ± 0.43, respectively; P = 0.018) and BC (3.41 ± 0.54 and 4.17 ± 0.71; P = 0.001) was significantly lower in smokers compared to non-smokers. Mean ALP levels were 49.58 ± 23.33 IU/L among smokers and 55.11 ± 27.85 IU/L among non-smokers (P = 0.015). Conclusion: Significantly lower pH, BC and ALP levels were observed among smokers in comparison to a healthy control group. These salivary alterations could potentially be utilised as biochemical markers for the evaluation of oral tissue function and side-effects among smokers. Further longitudinal studies are recommended to evaluate the effects of smoking on salivary components. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T18:52:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-da1c50cf99f548b4aab962eb1d845e70 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-051X 2075-0528 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T18:52:25Z |
| publishDate | 2016-08-01 |
| publisher | Sultan Qaboos University |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-da1c50cf99f548b4aab962eb1d845e702022-12-22T03:20:27ZengSultan Qaboos UniversitySultan Qaboos University Medical Journal2075-051X2075-05282016-08-0116331732110.18295/squmj.2016.16.03.0092079Comparison of Salivary pH, Buffering Capacity and Alkaline Phosphatase in Smokers and Healthy Non-Smokers : Retrospective cohort studyFatemeh Ahmadi-Motamayel0Parisa Falsafi1Mohammad T. Goodarzi2Jalal Poorolajal3Dental Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IranDepartment of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranResearch Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IranModeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IranObjectives: Saliva contains alkaline phosphatase (ALP)—a key intracellular enzyme related to destructive processes and cellular damage—and has buffering capacity (BC) against acids due to the presence of bicarbonate and phosphate ions. Smoking may have deleterious effects on the oral environment due to pH changes which can affect ALP activity. This study aimed to evaluate the salivary pH, BC and ALP activity of male smokers and healthy non-smokers. Methods: This retrospective cohort study took place between August 2012 and December 2013. A total of 251 healthy male non-smokers and 259 male smokers from Hamadan, Iran, were selected. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected from each participant and pH and BC were determined using a pH meter. Salivary enzymes were measured by spectrophotometric assay. Results: Mean salivary pH (7.42 ± 0.48 and 7.52 ± 0.43, respectively; P = 0.018) and BC (3.41 ± 0.54 and 4.17 ± 0.71; P = 0.001) was significantly lower in smokers compared to non-smokers. Mean ALP levels were 49.58 ± 23.33 IU/L among smokers and 55.11 ± 27.85 IU/L among non-smokers (P = 0.015). Conclusion: Significantly lower pH, BC and ALP levels were observed among smokers in comparison to a healthy control group. These salivary alterations could potentially be utilised as biochemical markers for the evaluation of oral tissue function and side-effects among smokers. Further longitudinal studies are recommended to evaluate the effects of smoking on salivary components.https://journals.squ.edu.om/index.php/squmj/article/view/2159salivaalkaline phosphataseacidsbufferssmoking. |
| spellingShingle | Fatemeh Ahmadi-Motamayel Parisa Falsafi Mohammad T. Goodarzi Jalal Poorolajal Comparison of Salivary pH, Buffering Capacity and Alkaline Phosphatase in Smokers and Healthy Non-Smokers : Retrospective cohort study Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal saliva alkaline phosphatase acids buffers smoking. |
| title | Comparison of Salivary pH, Buffering Capacity and Alkaline Phosphatase in Smokers and Healthy Non-Smokers : Retrospective cohort study |
| title_full | Comparison of Salivary pH, Buffering Capacity and Alkaline Phosphatase in Smokers and Healthy Non-Smokers : Retrospective cohort study |
| title_fullStr | Comparison of Salivary pH, Buffering Capacity and Alkaline Phosphatase in Smokers and Healthy Non-Smokers : Retrospective cohort study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of Salivary pH, Buffering Capacity and Alkaline Phosphatase in Smokers and Healthy Non-Smokers : Retrospective cohort study |
| title_short | Comparison of Salivary pH, Buffering Capacity and Alkaline Phosphatase in Smokers and Healthy Non-Smokers : Retrospective cohort study |
| title_sort | comparison of salivary ph buffering capacity and alkaline phosphatase in smokers and healthy non smokers retrospective cohort study |
| topic | saliva alkaline phosphatase acids buffers smoking. |
| url | https://journals.squ.edu.om/index.php/squmj/article/view/2159 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT fatemehahmadimotamayel comparisonofsalivaryphbufferingcapacityandalkalinephosphataseinsmokersandhealthynonsmokersretrospectivecohortstudy AT parisafalsafi comparisonofsalivaryphbufferingcapacityandalkalinephosphataseinsmokersandhealthynonsmokersretrospectivecohortstudy AT mohammadtgoodarzi comparisonofsalivaryphbufferingcapacityandalkalinephosphataseinsmokersandhealthynonsmokersretrospectivecohortstudy AT jalalpoorolajal comparisonofsalivaryphbufferingcapacityandalkalinephosphataseinsmokersandhealthynonsmokersretrospectivecohortstudy |