Cu<sub>2−<i>x</i></sub>S and Cu<sub>2−<i>x</i></sub>Se Alloys: Investigating the Influence of Ag, Zn, and Ni Doping on Structure and Transport Behavior
Cu<sub>2−<i>x</i></sub>S and Cu<sub>2−<i>x</i></sub>Se (0 ≤ <i>x</i> ≤ 0.2) alloys stand out as highly promising materials for thermoelectric applications, owing to the phonon–liquid electron–crystal (PLEC) convention. In this study, we und...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Metals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/14/3/360 |
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| author | Andrzej Mikuła Tomasz Kurek Miłosz Kożusznik Paweł Nieroda |
| author_facet | Andrzej Mikuła Tomasz Kurek Miłosz Kożusznik Paweł Nieroda |
| author_sort | Andrzej Mikuła |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cu<sub>2−<i>x</i></sub>S and Cu<sub>2−<i>x</i></sub>Se (0 ≤ <i>x</i> ≤ 0.2) alloys stand out as highly promising materials for thermoelectric applications, owing to the phonon–liquid electron–crystal (PLEC) convention. In this study, we undertake a comprehensive investigation to reassess the synthesis conditions, with a focus on achieving pure-phased systems through a direct reaction between elements at elevated temperatures. Simultaneously, we present experimental evidence showcasing the feasibility of doping these systems with Ag, Ni, and Zn. The study demonstrates that obtaining single-phased systems requires multi-step processes, and the dissolution of chosen impurities appears doubtful, as evidenced by numerous foreign phase segregations. Additionally, it is revealed that the partial dissolution of individual impurities deteriorates the operational parameters of these chalcogenides. For the optimal Cu<sub>1.97</sub>S composition, it reduces the thermoelectric figure-of-merit ZT from 1.5 to approximately 1.0, 0.65, and 0.85 for Ag-, Ni-, and Zn-doped systems, respectively, while marginally improving their stability. For metal-like Cu<sub>1.8</sub>Se, the ZT parameter remains at a low level, ranging between 0.09 and 0.15, showing slight destabilization during subsequent operating cycles. The article concludes with an in-depth analysis of the basic thermoelectric performance exhibited by these doped systems, contributing valuable insights into the potential enhancements and applications of Cu<sub>2−<i>x</i></sub>S and Cu<sub>2−<i>x</i></sub>Se alloys in the field of thermoelectric materials. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:02:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-da2135535c674433a3377838291d2978 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4701 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:02:02Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metals |
| spelling | doaj.art-da2135535c674433a3377838291d29782024-03-27T13:54:33ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012024-03-0114336010.3390/met14030360Cu<sub>2−<i>x</i></sub>S and Cu<sub>2−<i>x</i></sub>Se Alloys: Investigating the Influence of Ag, Zn, and Ni Doping on Structure and Transport BehaviorAndrzej Mikuła0Tomasz Kurek1Miłosz Kożusznik2Paweł Nieroda3Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, PolandFaculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, PolandFaculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, PolandFaculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, PolandCu<sub>2−<i>x</i></sub>S and Cu<sub>2−<i>x</i></sub>Se (0 ≤ <i>x</i> ≤ 0.2) alloys stand out as highly promising materials for thermoelectric applications, owing to the phonon–liquid electron–crystal (PLEC) convention. In this study, we undertake a comprehensive investigation to reassess the synthesis conditions, with a focus on achieving pure-phased systems through a direct reaction between elements at elevated temperatures. Simultaneously, we present experimental evidence showcasing the feasibility of doping these systems with Ag, Ni, and Zn. The study demonstrates that obtaining single-phased systems requires multi-step processes, and the dissolution of chosen impurities appears doubtful, as evidenced by numerous foreign phase segregations. Additionally, it is revealed that the partial dissolution of individual impurities deteriorates the operational parameters of these chalcogenides. For the optimal Cu<sub>1.97</sub>S composition, it reduces the thermoelectric figure-of-merit ZT from 1.5 to approximately 1.0, 0.65, and 0.85 for Ag-, Ni-, and Zn-doped systems, respectively, while marginally improving their stability. For metal-like Cu<sub>1.8</sub>Se, the ZT parameter remains at a low level, ranging between 0.09 and 0.15, showing slight destabilization during subsequent operating cycles. The article concludes with an in-depth analysis of the basic thermoelectric performance exhibited by these doped systems, contributing valuable insights into the potential enhancements and applications of Cu<sub>2−<i>x</i></sub>S and Cu<sub>2−<i>x</i></sub>Se alloys in the field of thermoelectric materials.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/14/3/360copper chalcogenidestransition-metal dopantsthermoelectric properties |
| spellingShingle | Andrzej Mikuła Tomasz Kurek Miłosz Kożusznik Paweł Nieroda Cu<sub>2−<i>x</i></sub>S and Cu<sub>2−<i>x</i></sub>Se Alloys: Investigating the Influence of Ag, Zn, and Ni Doping on Structure and Transport Behavior Metals copper chalcogenides transition-metal dopants thermoelectric properties |
| title | Cu<sub>2−<i>x</i></sub>S and Cu<sub>2−<i>x</i></sub>Se Alloys: Investigating the Influence of Ag, Zn, and Ni Doping on Structure and Transport Behavior |
| title_full | Cu<sub>2−<i>x</i></sub>S and Cu<sub>2−<i>x</i></sub>Se Alloys: Investigating the Influence of Ag, Zn, and Ni Doping on Structure and Transport Behavior |
| title_fullStr | Cu<sub>2−<i>x</i></sub>S and Cu<sub>2−<i>x</i></sub>Se Alloys: Investigating the Influence of Ag, Zn, and Ni Doping on Structure and Transport Behavior |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cu<sub>2−<i>x</i></sub>S and Cu<sub>2−<i>x</i></sub>Se Alloys: Investigating the Influence of Ag, Zn, and Ni Doping on Structure and Transport Behavior |
| title_short | Cu<sub>2−<i>x</i></sub>S and Cu<sub>2−<i>x</i></sub>Se Alloys: Investigating the Influence of Ag, Zn, and Ni Doping on Structure and Transport Behavior |
| title_sort | cu sub 2 i x i sub s and cu sub 2 i x i sub se alloys investigating the influence of ag zn and ni doping on structure and transport behavior |
| topic | copper chalcogenides transition-metal dopants thermoelectric properties |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/14/3/360 |
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