Using a Contemporary Portable Metabolic Gas Exchange System for Assessing Energy Expenditure: A Validity and Reliability Study
There are several methods available to assess energy expenditure, all associated with inherent pros and cons that must be adequately considered for use in specific environments and populations. A requirement of all methods is that they must be valid and reliable in their capability to accurately mea...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/5/2472 |
| _version_ | 1797614402522841088 |
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| author | Holly L. McClung William J. Tharion Leila A. Walker Maxwell N. Rome Reed W. Hoyt David P. Looney |
| author_facet | Holly L. McClung William J. Tharion Leila A. Walker Maxwell N. Rome Reed W. Hoyt David P. Looney |
| author_sort | Holly L. McClung |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | There are several methods available to assess energy expenditure, all associated with inherent pros and cons that must be adequately considered for use in specific environments and populations. A requirement of all methods is that they must be valid and reliable in their capability to accurately measure oxygen consumption (VO<sub>2</sub>) and carbon dioxide production (VCO<sub>2</sub>). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the mobile CO<sub>2</sub>/O<sub>2</sub> Breath and Respiration Analyzer (COBRA) relative to a criterion system (Parvomedics TrueOne 2400<sup>®</sup>, PARVO) with additional measurements to compare the COBRA to a portable system (Vyaire Medical, Oxycon Mobile<sup>®</sup>, OXY). Fourteen volunteers with a mean of 24 years old, body weight of 76 kg, and a VO<sub>2peak</sub> of 3.8 L∙min<sup>−1</sup> performed four repeated trials of progressive exercises. Simultaneous steady-state measurements of VO<sub>2</sub>, VCO<sub>2</sub>, and minute ventilation (V<sub>E</sub>) by the COBRA/PARVO and OXY systems were conducted at rest, while walking (23–36% VO<sub>2peak</sub>), jogging (49–67% VO<sub>2peak</sub>), and running (60–76% VO<sub>2peak</sub>). Data collection was randomized by the order of system tested (COBRA/PARVO and OXY) and was standardized to maintain work intensity (rest to run) progression across study trials and days (two trials/day over two days). Systematic bias was examined to assess the accuracy of the COBRA to PARVO and OXY to PARVO across work intensities. Intra- and inter-unit variability were assessed with interclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and a 95% limit of agreement intervals. The COBRA and PARVO produced similar measures for VO<sub>2</sub> (Bias ± SD, 0.01 ± 0.13 L·min<sup>−1</sup>; 95% LoA, (−0.24, 0.27 L·min<sup>−1</sup>); R<sup>2</sup> = 0.982), VCO<sub>2</sub> (0.06 ± 0.13 L·min<sup>−1</sup>; (−0.19, 0.31 L·min<sup>−1</sup>); R<sup>2</sup> = 0.982), V<sub>E</sub> (2.07 ± 2.76 L·min<sup>−1</sup>; (−3.35, 7.49 L·min<sup>−1</sup>); R<sup>2</sup> = 0.991) across work intensities. There was a linear bias across both the COBRA and OXY with increased work intensity. The coefficient of variation for the COBRA ranged from 7 to 9% across measures for VO<sub>2</sub>, VCO<sub>2</sub>, and V<sub>E</sub>. COBRA was reliable across measurements for VO<sub>2</sub> (ICC = 0.825; 0.951), VCO<sub>2</sub> (ICC = 0.785; 0.876), and V<sub>E</sub> (ICC = 0.857; 0.945) for intra-unit reliability, respectively. The COBRA is an accurate and reliable mobile system for measuring gas exchange at rest and across a range of work intensities. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:11:56Z |
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| id | doaj.art-da2b29b24ecd4fdba3d75a23b2d4a071 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:11:56Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-da2b29b24ecd4fdba3d75a23b2d4a0712023-11-17T08:35:18ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202023-02-01235247210.3390/s23052472Using a Contemporary Portable Metabolic Gas Exchange System for Assessing Energy Expenditure: A Validity and Reliability StudyHolly L. McClung0William J. Tharion1Leila A. Walker2Maxwell N. Rome3Reed W. Hoyt4David P. Looney5Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), 10 General Green Ave., Natick, MA 01760, USAMilitary Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), 10 General Green Ave., Natick, MA 01760, USAMilitary Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), 10 General Green Ave., Natick, MA 01760, USAOak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), 1299 Bethel Valley Rd., Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USAMilitary Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), 10 General Green Ave., Natick, MA 01760, USAMilitary Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), 10 General Green Ave., Natick, MA 01760, USAThere are several methods available to assess energy expenditure, all associated with inherent pros and cons that must be adequately considered for use in specific environments and populations. A requirement of all methods is that they must be valid and reliable in their capability to accurately measure oxygen consumption (VO<sub>2</sub>) and carbon dioxide production (VCO<sub>2</sub>). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the mobile CO<sub>2</sub>/O<sub>2</sub> Breath and Respiration Analyzer (COBRA) relative to a criterion system (Parvomedics TrueOne 2400<sup>®</sup>, PARVO) with additional measurements to compare the COBRA to a portable system (Vyaire Medical, Oxycon Mobile<sup>®</sup>, OXY). Fourteen volunteers with a mean of 24 years old, body weight of 76 kg, and a VO<sub>2peak</sub> of 3.8 L∙min<sup>−1</sup> performed four repeated trials of progressive exercises. Simultaneous steady-state measurements of VO<sub>2</sub>, VCO<sub>2</sub>, and minute ventilation (V<sub>E</sub>) by the COBRA/PARVO and OXY systems were conducted at rest, while walking (23–36% VO<sub>2peak</sub>), jogging (49–67% VO<sub>2peak</sub>), and running (60–76% VO<sub>2peak</sub>). Data collection was randomized by the order of system tested (COBRA/PARVO and OXY) and was standardized to maintain work intensity (rest to run) progression across study trials and days (two trials/day over two days). Systematic bias was examined to assess the accuracy of the COBRA to PARVO and OXY to PARVO across work intensities. Intra- and inter-unit variability were assessed with interclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and a 95% limit of agreement intervals. The COBRA and PARVO produced similar measures for VO<sub>2</sub> (Bias ± SD, 0.01 ± 0.13 L·min<sup>−1</sup>; 95% LoA, (−0.24, 0.27 L·min<sup>−1</sup>); R<sup>2</sup> = 0.982), VCO<sub>2</sub> (0.06 ± 0.13 L·min<sup>−1</sup>; (−0.19, 0.31 L·min<sup>−1</sup>); R<sup>2</sup> = 0.982), V<sub>E</sub> (2.07 ± 2.76 L·min<sup>−1</sup>; (−3.35, 7.49 L·min<sup>−1</sup>); R<sup>2</sup> = 0.991) across work intensities. There was a linear bias across both the COBRA and OXY with increased work intensity. The coefficient of variation for the COBRA ranged from 7 to 9% across measures for VO<sub>2</sub>, VCO<sub>2</sub>, and V<sub>E</sub>. COBRA was reliable across measurements for VO<sub>2</sub> (ICC = 0.825; 0.951), VCO<sub>2</sub> (ICC = 0.785; 0.876), and V<sub>E</sub> (ICC = 0.857; 0.945) for intra-unit reliability, respectively. The COBRA is an accurate and reliable mobile system for measuring gas exchange at rest and across a range of work intensities.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/5/2472metabolic training sensorindirect calorimetryenergy expenditureoxygen uptake |
| spellingShingle | Holly L. McClung William J. Tharion Leila A. Walker Maxwell N. Rome Reed W. Hoyt David P. Looney Using a Contemporary Portable Metabolic Gas Exchange System for Assessing Energy Expenditure: A Validity and Reliability Study Sensors metabolic training sensor indirect calorimetry energy expenditure oxygen uptake |
| title | Using a Contemporary Portable Metabolic Gas Exchange System for Assessing Energy Expenditure: A Validity and Reliability Study |
| title_full | Using a Contemporary Portable Metabolic Gas Exchange System for Assessing Energy Expenditure: A Validity and Reliability Study |
| title_fullStr | Using a Contemporary Portable Metabolic Gas Exchange System for Assessing Energy Expenditure: A Validity and Reliability Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Using a Contemporary Portable Metabolic Gas Exchange System for Assessing Energy Expenditure: A Validity and Reliability Study |
| title_short | Using a Contemporary Portable Metabolic Gas Exchange System for Assessing Energy Expenditure: A Validity and Reliability Study |
| title_sort | using a contemporary portable metabolic gas exchange system for assessing energy expenditure a validity and reliability study |
| topic | metabolic training sensor indirect calorimetry energy expenditure oxygen uptake |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/5/2472 |
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