Enhancement of the Magnetic Properties in Si<sup>4+</sup>-Li<sup>+</sup>-Substituted M-Type Hexaferrites for Permanent Magnets
A series of charge-balanced Si<sup>4+</sup>-M<sup>1+,2+</sup> (M = Mg<sup>2+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, Li<sup>+</sup>) substitution compositions with the chemical formulae of SrFe<sub>12−2<i>x</i></sub>Si<i><sub...
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/23/12295 |
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| author | Jin-Young You Kang-Hyuk Lee Young-Min Kang Sang-Im Yoo |
| author_facet | Jin-Young You Kang-Hyuk Lee Young-Min Kang Sang-Im Yoo |
| author_sort | Jin-Young You |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A series of charge-balanced Si<sup>4+</sup>-M<sup>1+,2+</sup> (M = Mg<sup>2+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, Li<sup>+</sup>) substitution compositions with the chemical formulae of SrFe<sub>12−2<i>x</i></sub>Si<i><sub>x</sub></i>Mg<i><sub>x</sub></i>O<sub>19</sub> (<i>x</i> = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2), Sr<sub>1−<i>y</i></sub>Fe<sub>12−<i>y</i></sub>Si<i><sub>y</sub></i>K<i><sub>y</sub></i>O<sub>19</sub> (<i>y</i> = 0.05, 0.1, 0.2), and SrFe<sub>12−<i>z</i></sub>(Si<sub>0.6</sub>Li<sub>0.6</sub>)<i><sub>z</sub></i>O<sub>19</sub> (<i>z</i> = 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6) were prepared using conventional ceramic processes. While the sole doping of Si with <i>x</i> = 0.1 (SrFe<sub>12−<i>x</i></sub>Si<i><sub>x</sub></i>O<sub>19</sub> (<i>x</i> = 0.1)) causes a noticeable Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> phase formation, the co-doping of Si-Mg and Si-Li allow a single M-type phase formation with x up to <i>x</i> = 0.1 and <i>z</i> = 0.4, respectively. Notably, a 2.6% increase in the saturation magnetization was obtained for Si-Li-substituted SrM with <i>z</i> = 0.05—that is, SrFe<sub>11.95</sub>Si<sub>0.03</sub>Li<sub>0.03</sub>O<sub>19</sub>. Enhancement of the magnet performance can also be achieved when anisotropic permanent magnets are fabricated based on the substitution composition SrFe<sub>11.95</sub>Si<sub>0.03</sub>Li<sub>0.03</sub>O<sub>19</sub>. The remnant magnetic flux density was improved by 2.5% compared to that of the unsubstituted SrM (from 4207 to 4314 G). The maximum energy product (BH<sub>max</sub>) value also increased from 4.24 to 4.46 M·G·Oe. The enhancement in permanent magnet performance is attributed to the increase in the M<sub>S</sub> of SrM by the optimal Si-Li substitution. This is a promising result because enhanced permanent magnet performance is achieved with intrinsic magnetic property improvement. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:53:44Z |
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| id | doaj.art-da48eff59bf8401b86c301e20f4a99e4 |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:53:44Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
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| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-da48eff59bf8401b86c301e20f4a99e42023-11-24T10:34:10ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172022-12-0112231229510.3390/app122312295Enhancement of the Magnetic Properties in Si<sup>4+</sup>-Li<sup>+</sup>-Substituted M-Type Hexaferrites for Permanent MagnetsJin-Young You0Kang-Hyuk Lee1Young-Min Kang2Sang-Im Yoo3Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Material Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Materials Science & Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Material Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of KoreaA series of charge-balanced Si<sup>4+</sup>-M<sup>1+,2+</sup> (M = Mg<sup>2+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, Li<sup>+</sup>) substitution compositions with the chemical formulae of SrFe<sub>12−2<i>x</i></sub>Si<i><sub>x</sub></i>Mg<i><sub>x</sub></i>O<sub>19</sub> (<i>x</i> = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2), Sr<sub>1−<i>y</i></sub>Fe<sub>12−<i>y</i></sub>Si<i><sub>y</sub></i>K<i><sub>y</sub></i>O<sub>19</sub> (<i>y</i> = 0.05, 0.1, 0.2), and SrFe<sub>12−<i>z</i></sub>(Si<sub>0.6</sub>Li<sub>0.6</sub>)<i><sub>z</sub></i>O<sub>19</sub> (<i>z</i> = 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6) were prepared using conventional ceramic processes. While the sole doping of Si with <i>x</i> = 0.1 (SrFe<sub>12−<i>x</i></sub>Si<i><sub>x</sub></i>O<sub>19</sub> (<i>x</i> = 0.1)) causes a noticeable Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> phase formation, the co-doping of Si-Mg and Si-Li allow a single M-type phase formation with x up to <i>x</i> = 0.1 and <i>z</i> = 0.4, respectively. Notably, a 2.6% increase in the saturation magnetization was obtained for Si-Li-substituted SrM with <i>z</i> = 0.05—that is, SrFe<sub>11.95</sub>Si<sub>0.03</sub>Li<sub>0.03</sub>O<sub>19</sub>. Enhancement of the magnet performance can also be achieved when anisotropic permanent magnets are fabricated based on the substitution composition SrFe<sub>11.95</sub>Si<sub>0.03</sub>Li<sub>0.03</sub>O<sub>19</sub>. The remnant magnetic flux density was improved by 2.5% compared to that of the unsubstituted SrM (from 4207 to 4314 G). The maximum energy product (BH<sub>max</sub>) value also increased from 4.24 to 4.46 M·G·Oe. The enhancement in permanent magnet performance is attributed to the increase in the M<sub>S</sub> of SrM by the optimal Si-Li substitution. This is a promising result because enhanced permanent magnet performance is achieved with intrinsic magnetic property improvement.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/23/12295M-type hexaferritescoercivitysaturation magnetizationpermanent magnet |
| spellingShingle | Jin-Young You Kang-Hyuk Lee Young-Min Kang Sang-Im Yoo Enhancement of the Magnetic Properties in Si<sup>4+</sup>-Li<sup>+</sup>-Substituted M-Type Hexaferrites for Permanent Magnets Applied Sciences M-type hexaferrites coercivity saturation magnetization permanent magnet |
| title | Enhancement of the Magnetic Properties in Si<sup>4+</sup>-Li<sup>+</sup>-Substituted M-Type Hexaferrites for Permanent Magnets |
| title_full | Enhancement of the Magnetic Properties in Si<sup>4+</sup>-Li<sup>+</sup>-Substituted M-Type Hexaferrites for Permanent Magnets |
| title_fullStr | Enhancement of the Magnetic Properties in Si<sup>4+</sup>-Li<sup>+</sup>-Substituted M-Type Hexaferrites for Permanent Magnets |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enhancement of the Magnetic Properties in Si<sup>4+</sup>-Li<sup>+</sup>-Substituted M-Type Hexaferrites for Permanent Magnets |
| title_short | Enhancement of the Magnetic Properties in Si<sup>4+</sup>-Li<sup>+</sup>-Substituted M-Type Hexaferrites for Permanent Magnets |
| title_sort | enhancement of the magnetic properties in si sup 4 sup li sup sup substituted m type hexaferrites for permanent magnets |
| topic | M-type hexaferrites coercivity saturation magnetization permanent magnet |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/23/12295 |
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