Measurements of Energetic States Resulting from Ion Exchanges in the Isomorphic Crystals of Apatites and Bioapatites
Developments in the field of nanostructures open new ways for designing and manufacturing innovative materials. Here, we focused on new original ways of calculating energy changes during the substitution of foreign ions into the structure of apatites and bioapatites. Using these tools, the energetic...
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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Series: | Molecules |
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author | Andrzej Kuczumow Tomasz Blicharski Mieczysław Gorzelak Jakub Kosiński Agnieszka Lasota Jacek Gągała Jakub Nowak Maciej Jarzębski Mirosław Jabłoński |
author_facet | Andrzej Kuczumow Tomasz Blicharski Mieczysław Gorzelak Jakub Kosiński Agnieszka Lasota Jacek Gągała Jakub Nowak Maciej Jarzębski Mirosław Jabłoński |
author_sort | Andrzej Kuczumow |
collection | DOAJ |
description | Developments in the field of nanostructures open new ways for designing and manufacturing innovative materials. Here, we focused on new original ways of calculating energy changes during the substitution of foreign ions into the structure of apatites and bioapatites. Using these tools, the energetic costs of ion exchanges were calculated for the exemplary cases known from the literature. It was established that the most costly were ion exchanges of some cations inside apatites and of anions, and the least costly exchanges in tetrad channel positions. Real energy expenses for bioapatites are much smaller in comparison to mineral apatites due to the limited involvement of magnesium and carbonates in the structure of hard tissues. They are of the order of several electron volts per ion. The rigorous dependences of the energy changes and crystallographic cell volumes on the ionic radii of introduced cations were proved. The differentiation of the positioning of foreign ions in locations of Ca(I) and Ca(II) could be calculated in the case of a Ca-Pb reaction in hydroxyapatite. The energetic effects of tooth aging were indicated. The ability of energy change calculation during the ion exchange for isomorphic substances widens the advantages resulting from X-ray diffraction measurements. |
first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:02:40Z |
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id | doaj.art-da5b2b8a45d6410cad0f569157901c68 |
institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
issn | 1420-3049 |
language | English |
last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:02:40Z |
publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
publisher | MDPI AG |
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series | Molecules |
spelling | doaj.art-da5b2b8a45d6410cad0f569157901c682023-11-24T16:59:33ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-12-012724891310.3390/molecules27248913Measurements of Energetic States Resulting from Ion Exchanges in the Isomorphic Crystals of Apatites and BioapatitesAndrzej Kuczumow0Tomasz Blicharski1Mieczysław Gorzelak2Jakub Kosiński3Agnieszka Lasota4Jacek Gągała5Jakub Nowak6Maciej Jarzębski7Mirosław Jabłoński8Lab 196, Radawiec Duży 196, 21-030 Motycz, PolandDepartment of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lublin, K. Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lublin, K. Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lublin, K. Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, PolandChair and Department of Jaw Orthopedics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 6, 20-093 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Lublin, K. Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, PolandLab 196, Radawiec Duży 196, 21-030 Motycz, PolandDepartment of Physics and Biophysics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 38/42, 60-637 Poznan, PolandDepartment of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lublin, K. Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, PolandDevelopments in the field of nanostructures open new ways for designing and manufacturing innovative materials. Here, we focused on new original ways of calculating energy changes during the substitution of foreign ions into the structure of apatites and bioapatites. Using these tools, the energetic costs of ion exchanges were calculated for the exemplary cases known from the literature. It was established that the most costly were ion exchanges of some cations inside apatites and of anions, and the least costly exchanges in tetrad channel positions. Real energy expenses for bioapatites are much smaller in comparison to mineral apatites due to the limited involvement of magnesium and carbonates in the structure of hard tissues. They are of the order of several electron volts per ion. The rigorous dependences of the energy changes and crystallographic cell volumes on the ionic radii of introduced cations were proved. The differentiation of the positioning of foreign ions in locations of Ca(I) and Ca(II) could be calculated in the case of a Ca-Pb reaction in hydroxyapatite. The energetic effects of tooth aging were indicated. The ability of energy change calculation during the ion exchange for isomorphic substances widens the advantages resulting from X-ray diffraction measurements.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/24/8913apatitesbioapatiteX-ray diffractionenergy changesion exchanges |
spellingShingle | Andrzej Kuczumow Tomasz Blicharski Mieczysław Gorzelak Jakub Kosiński Agnieszka Lasota Jacek Gągała Jakub Nowak Maciej Jarzębski Mirosław Jabłoński Measurements of Energetic States Resulting from Ion Exchanges in the Isomorphic Crystals of Apatites and Bioapatites Molecules apatites bioapatite X-ray diffraction energy changes ion exchanges |
title | Measurements of Energetic States Resulting from Ion Exchanges in the Isomorphic Crystals of Apatites and Bioapatites |
title_full | Measurements of Energetic States Resulting from Ion Exchanges in the Isomorphic Crystals of Apatites and Bioapatites |
title_fullStr | Measurements of Energetic States Resulting from Ion Exchanges in the Isomorphic Crystals of Apatites and Bioapatites |
title_full_unstemmed | Measurements of Energetic States Resulting from Ion Exchanges in the Isomorphic Crystals of Apatites and Bioapatites |
title_short | Measurements of Energetic States Resulting from Ion Exchanges in the Isomorphic Crystals of Apatites and Bioapatites |
title_sort | measurements of energetic states resulting from ion exchanges in the isomorphic crystals of apatites and bioapatites |
topic | apatites bioapatite X-ray diffraction energy changes ion exchanges |
url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/24/8913 |
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