Molecular Oscillator Affects Susceptibility of Caterpillars to Insecticides: Studies on the Egyptian Cotton Leaf Worm—<em>Spodoptera littoralis</em> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
The molecular oscillator is the core of the biological clock and is formed by genes and proteins whose cyclic expression is regulated in the transcriptional-translational feedback loops (TTFLs). Proteins of the TTFLs are regulators of both their own and executive genes involved in the control of man...
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Insects |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/5/488 |
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| author | Choukri M. Haj Darwich Marcin M. Chrzanowski Piotr P. Bernatowicz Marta A. Polanska Ewa Joachimiak Piotr Bebas |
| author_facet | Choukri M. Haj Darwich Marcin M. Chrzanowski Piotr P. Bernatowicz Marta A. Polanska Ewa Joachimiak Piotr Bebas |
| author_sort | Choukri M. Haj Darwich |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The molecular oscillator is the core of the biological clock and is formed by genes and proteins whose cyclic expression is regulated in the transcriptional-translational feedback loops (TTFLs). Proteins of the TTFLs are regulators of both their own and executive genes involved in the control of many processes in insects (e.g., rhythmic metabolism of xenobiotics, including insecticides). We disrupted the clock operation in <i>S. littoralis</i> larvae by injecting the dsRNA of clock genes into their body cavity and culturing the larvae under continuous light. As a result, the daily susceptibility of larvae to insecticides was abolished and the susceptibility itself increased (in most cases). In the fat body, midgut, and Malpighian tubules (the main organs metabolizing xenobiotics) of the larvae treated with injected-dsRNA, the daily activity profiles of enzymes involved in detoxification—cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, Glutathione-S-transferase, and esterase—have changed significantly. The presented results prove the role of the molecular oscillator in the regulation of larvae responses to insecticides and provide grounds for rational use of these compounds (at suitable times of the day), and may indicate clock genes as potential targets of molecular manipulation to produce plant protection compounds based on the RNAi method. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:41:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-da5cdbb22d554fc5b547b23d64baca41 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:41:56Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj.art-da5cdbb22d554fc5b547b23d64baca412023-11-23T11:32:22ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502022-05-0113548810.3390/insects13050488Molecular Oscillator Affects Susceptibility of Caterpillars to Insecticides: Studies on the Egyptian Cotton Leaf Worm—<em>Spodoptera littoralis</em> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)Choukri M. Haj Darwich0Marcin M. Chrzanowski1Piotr P. Bernatowicz2Marta A. Polanska3Ewa Joachimiak4Piotr Bebas5Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Functional Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-096 Warsaw, PolandBiology Teaching Laboratory, Faculty’s Independent Centers, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-096 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Animal Physiology, Institute of Functional Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-096 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Animal Physiology, Institute of Functional Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-096 Warsaw, PolandLaboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cilia Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, 02-093 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Animal Physiology, Institute of Functional Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-096 Warsaw, PolandThe molecular oscillator is the core of the biological clock and is formed by genes and proteins whose cyclic expression is regulated in the transcriptional-translational feedback loops (TTFLs). Proteins of the TTFLs are regulators of both their own and executive genes involved in the control of many processes in insects (e.g., rhythmic metabolism of xenobiotics, including insecticides). We disrupted the clock operation in <i>S. littoralis</i> larvae by injecting the dsRNA of clock genes into their body cavity and culturing the larvae under continuous light. As a result, the daily susceptibility of larvae to insecticides was abolished and the susceptibility itself increased (in most cases). In the fat body, midgut, and Malpighian tubules (the main organs metabolizing xenobiotics) of the larvae treated with injected-dsRNA, the daily activity profiles of enzymes involved in detoxification—cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, Glutathione-S-transferase, and esterase—have changed significantly. The presented results prove the role of the molecular oscillator in the regulation of larvae responses to insecticides and provide grounds for rational use of these compounds (at suitable times of the day), and may indicate clock genes as potential targets of molecular manipulation to produce plant protection compounds based on the RNAi method.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/5/488molecular oscillatorcircadian clocksusceptibility to insecticides<i>Spodoptera littoralis</i>Lepidoptera |
| spellingShingle | Choukri M. Haj Darwich Marcin M. Chrzanowski Piotr P. Bernatowicz Marta A. Polanska Ewa Joachimiak Piotr Bebas Molecular Oscillator Affects Susceptibility of Caterpillars to Insecticides: Studies on the Egyptian Cotton Leaf Worm—<em>Spodoptera littoralis</em> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Insects molecular oscillator circadian clock susceptibility to insecticides <i>Spodoptera littoralis</i> Lepidoptera |
| title | Molecular Oscillator Affects Susceptibility of Caterpillars to Insecticides: Studies on the Egyptian Cotton Leaf Worm—<em>Spodoptera littoralis</em> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) |
| title_full | Molecular Oscillator Affects Susceptibility of Caterpillars to Insecticides: Studies on the Egyptian Cotton Leaf Worm—<em>Spodoptera littoralis</em> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) |
| title_fullStr | Molecular Oscillator Affects Susceptibility of Caterpillars to Insecticides: Studies on the Egyptian Cotton Leaf Worm—<em>Spodoptera littoralis</em> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular Oscillator Affects Susceptibility of Caterpillars to Insecticides: Studies on the Egyptian Cotton Leaf Worm—<em>Spodoptera littoralis</em> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) |
| title_short | Molecular Oscillator Affects Susceptibility of Caterpillars to Insecticides: Studies on the Egyptian Cotton Leaf Worm—<em>Spodoptera littoralis</em> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) |
| title_sort | molecular oscillator affects susceptibility of caterpillars to insecticides studies on the egyptian cotton leaf worm em spodoptera littoralis em lepidoptera noctuidae |
| topic | molecular oscillator circadian clock susceptibility to insecticides <i>Spodoptera littoralis</i> Lepidoptera |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/5/488 |
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