Citrus Flavonoids Supplementation as an Alternative to Replace Zinc Oxide in Weanling Pigs’ Diets Minimizing the Use of Antibiotics
Since citrus flavonoids have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, it was hypothesized that these compounds would become a suitable alternative to the use of therapeutic doses of zinc oxide at weaning. A total of 252 weaned pigs ([LargeWhite × Landrace] × Pietrain) were distributed according...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/6/967 |
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| author | Montserrat Paniagua Sandra Villagómez-Estrada Francisco Javier Crespo José Francisco Pérez Anna Arís Maria Devant David Solà-Oriol |
| author_facet | Montserrat Paniagua Sandra Villagómez-Estrada Francisco Javier Crespo José Francisco Pérez Anna Arís Maria Devant David Solà-Oriol |
| author_sort | Montserrat Paniagua |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Since citrus flavonoids have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, it was hypothesized that these compounds would become a suitable alternative to the use of therapeutic doses of zinc oxide at weaning. A total of 252 weaned pigs ([LargeWhite × Landrace] × Pietrain) were distributed according to BW (5.7 kg ± 0.76) into 18 pens (6 pens per diet, 14 pigs/pen). Three experimental diets for the prestarter (0–14 d postweaning) and starter (15–35 d postweaning) period were prepared: (i) a nonmedicated (CON) diet, (ii) a CON diet supplemented with zinc oxide at 2500 mg/kg, amoxicillin at 0.3 mg/kg and apramycin at 0.1 mg/kg (ZnO), and (iii) CON diet with the addition of a commercial citrus flavonoid extract at 0.3 mg/kg and amoxicillin at 0.3 mg/kg (FLAV). Pig BW, ADG, ADFI, and FCR were assessed on d7, d14, and d35. Samples of intestinal tissue, cecal content, and serum were collected on day seven (18 piglets). FLAV treatment achieved greater BW and ADG during the starter and for the entire experimental period compared with the CON diet (<i>p</i> < 0.05), whereas ZnO pigs evidenced intermediate results. Jejunum tissue analysis showed that pigs fed the FLAV diet overexpressed genes related to barrier function, digestive enzymes, and nutrient transport compared to those pigs fed the CON diet (<i>p</i> < 0.05). An increase in the abundance of bacterial genera such as <i>Succinivibrio</i>, <i>Turicibacter</i>, and <i>Mitsuokella</i> (<i>p</i> < 0.05) was observed in the FLAV compared with the CON and ZnO piglets. ZnO and FLAV increased the expression of TAS2R39, while ZnO pigs also expressed greater TAS2R16 than CON (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in the intestine. FLAV treatment improved the gut function, possibly explaining a higher performance at the end of the nursery period. Consequently, citrus flavonoids supplementation, together with amoxicillin, is a promising alternative to the use of zinc oxide plus amoxicillin and apramycin in weanling pigs, minimizing the use of antibiotics. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:02:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-da65fc789d7049d7b465aeffe48d0060 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:02:57Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-da65fc789d7049d7b465aeffe48d00602023-11-17T09:10:24ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152023-03-0113696710.3390/ani13060967Citrus Flavonoids Supplementation as an Alternative to Replace Zinc Oxide in Weanling Pigs’ Diets Minimizing the Use of AntibioticsMontserrat Paniagua0Sandra Villagómez-Estrada1Francisco Javier Crespo2José Francisco Pérez3Anna Arís4Maria Devant5David Solà-Oriol6Technical and R&D Department, Quimidroga S.A., 08006 Barcelona, SpainFaculty of Veterinary, Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo, Riobamba 060155, EcuadorR&D Department, HealthTech Bio Actives (HTBA), Sociedad de Responsabilidad Limitada Unipersonal (S.L.U.), 08029 Barcelona, SpainAnimal Nutrition and Welfare Service (SNIBA), Department of Animal and Food Science, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, SpainRuminant Production, IRTA (Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries), Torre Marimon, 08140 Caldes de Montbui, SpainRuminant Production, IRTA (Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries), Torre Marimon, 08140 Caldes de Montbui, SpainAnimal Nutrition and Welfare Service (SNIBA), Department of Animal and Food Science, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, SpainSince citrus flavonoids have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, it was hypothesized that these compounds would become a suitable alternative to the use of therapeutic doses of zinc oxide at weaning. A total of 252 weaned pigs ([LargeWhite × Landrace] × Pietrain) were distributed according to BW (5.7 kg ± 0.76) into 18 pens (6 pens per diet, 14 pigs/pen). Three experimental diets for the prestarter (0–14 d postweaning) and starter (15–35 d postweaning) period were prepared: (i) a nonmedicated (CON) diet, (ii) a CON diet supplemented with zinc oxide at 2500 mg/kg, amoxicillin at 0.3 mg/kg and apramycin at 0.1 mg/kg (ZnO), and (iii) CON diet with the addition of a commercial citrus flavonoid extract at 0.3 mg/kg and amoxicillin at 0.3 mg/kg (FLAV). Pig BW, ADG, ADFI, and FCR were assessed on d7, d14, and d35. Samples of intestinal tissue, cecal content, and serum were collected on day seven (18 piglets). FLAV treatment achieved greater BW and ADG during the starter and for the entire experimental period compared with the CON diet (<i>p</i> < 0.05), whereas ZnO pigs evidenced intermediate results. Jejunum tissue analysis showed that pigs fed the FLAV diet overexpressed genes related to barrier function, digestive enzymes, and nutrient transport compared to those pigs fed the CON diet (<i>p</i> < 0.05). An increase in the abundance of bacterial genera such as <i>Succinivibrio</i>, <i>Turicibacter</i>, and <i>Mitsuokella</i> (<i>p</i> < 0.05) was observed in the FLAV compared with the CON and ZnO piglets. ZnO and FLAV increased the expression of TAS2R39, while ZnO pigs also expressed greater TAS2R16 than CON (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in the intestine. FLAV treatment improved the gut function, possibly explaining a higher performance at the end of the nursery period. Consequently, citrus flavonoids supplementation, together with amoxicillin, is a promising alternative to the use of zinc oxide plus amoxicillin and apramycin in weanling pigs, minimizing the use of antibiotics.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/6/967citrus flavonoidantibiotic usebitter taste receptorsgene expressiongut healthweaned piglet |
| spellingShingle | Montserrat Paniagua Sandra Villagómez-Estrada Francisco Javier Crespo José Francisco Pérez Anna Arís Maria Devant David Solà-Oriol Citrus Flavonoids Supplementation as an Alternative to Replace Zinc Oxide in Weanling Pigs’ Diets Minimizing the Use of Antibiotics Animals citrus flavonoid antibiotic use bitter taste receptors gene expression gut health weaned piglet |
| title | Citrus Flavonoids Supplementation as an Alternative to Replace Zinc Oxide in Weanling Pigs’ Diets Minimizing the Use of Antibiotics |
| title_full | Citrus Flavonoids Supplementation as an Alternative to Replace Zinc Oxide in Weanling Pigs’ Diets Minimizing the Use of Antibiotics |
| title_fullStr | Citrus Flavonoids Supplementation as an Alternative to Replace Zinc Oxide in Weanling Pigs’ Diets Minimizing the Use of Antibiotics |
| title_full_unstemmed | Citrus Flavonoids Supplementation as an Alternative to Replace Zinc Oxide in Weanling Pigs’ Diets Minimizing the Use of Antibiotics |
| title_short | Citrus Flavonoids Supplementation as an Alternative to Replace Zinc Oxide in Weanling Pigs’ Diets Minimizing the Use of Antibiotics |
| title_sort | citrus flavonoids supplementation as an alternative to replace zinc oxide in weanling pigs diets minimizing the use of antibiotics |
| topic | citrus flavonoid antibiotic use bitter taste receptors gene expression gut health weaned piglet |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/6/967 |
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