| Summary: | The essential oils (EOs) of the aerial parts of four <i>Asarum</i> species (<i>A. geophilum</i>, <i>A. yentunensis</i>, <i>A. splendens</i> and <i>A. cordifolium)</i> were isolated by steam distillation and analyzed by the GC/MS method. The <i>A. cordifolium</i> EO contains 33 constituents with the main component being elemicine (77.20%). The <i>A. geophilum</i> EO was contains 49 constituents with the main components being determined as 9-<i>epi</i>-(<i>E</i>)-caryophyllene (18.43%), eudesm-7(11)-en-4-ol (13.41%), <i>β</i>-caryophyllene (8.05%) and phytol (7.23%). The <i>A. yentunensis</i> EO contains 26 constituents with the main components being safrole (64.74%) and sesquicineole (15.34%). The EO of <i>A. splendens</i> contains 41 constituents with the main components being 9-<i>epi</i>-(E)-caryophyllene (15.76%), eudesm-7(11)-en-4-ol (14.21%), <i>β</i>-caryophyllene (9.52%) and <i>trans</i>-bicyclogermacrene (7.50%). For antimicrobial activity, the <i>A. yentunensis</i> EO exhibited the highest inhibition activity against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and the <i>A. cordifolium</i> EO against <i>Bacillus subtillis</i> (MIC values of 100 μg/mL). For antioxidant activity, the <i>A. geophilum</i> EO showed the highest potential with an SC (%) value of 63.34 ± 1.0%, corresponding to an SC<sub>50</sub> value of 28.57 µg/mL. For anti-inflammatory activity, the <i>A. splendens</i> EO exhibited the highest potential with an IC<sub>50</sub> value of 21.68 µg/mL, corresponding to an inhibition rate of NO production of 69.58 ± 1.3% and the percentage of cell life was 81.85 ± 0.9%.
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