Beyond photography: Evaluation of the consumer digital camera to identify strabismus and anisometropia by analyzing the Bruckner′s reflex
Amblyopia screening is often either costly or laborious. We evaluated the Canon Powershot TX1 (CPTX1) digital camera as an efficient screener for amblyogenic risk factors (ARF). We included 138 subjects: 84-amblyopes and 54-normal. With the red-eye-reduction feature off, we obtained Bruckner reflex...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
2013-01-01
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| Series: | Indian Journal of Ophthalmology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.ijo.in/article.asp?issn=0301-4738;year=2013;volume=61;issue=10;spage=608;epage=611;aulast=Bani |
| _version_ | 1811211322362167296 |
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| author | Sadat A. O. Bani Abadan K Amitava Richa Sharma Alam Danish |
| author_facet | Sadat A. O. Bani Abadan K Amitava Richa Sharma Alam Danish |
| author_sort | Sadat A. O. Bani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Amblyopia screening is often either costly or laborious. We evaluated the Canon Powershot TX1 (CPTX1) digital camera as an efficient screener for amblyogenic risk factors (ARF). We included 138 subjects: 84-amblyopes and 54-normal. With the red-eye-reduction feature off, we obtained Bruckner reflex photographs of different sized crescents which suggested anisometropia, while asymmetrical brightness indicated strabismus; symmetry implied normalcy. Eight sets of randomly arranged 138 photographs were made. After training, 8 personnel, marked each as normal or abnormal. Of the 84 amblyopes, 42 were strabismus alone (SA), 36 had anisometropia alone (AA) while six were mixed amblyopes (MA). Overall mean sensitivity for amblyopes was 0.86 (95% CI: 0.83-0.89) and specificity 0.85 (95% CI: 0.77-0.93). Sub-group analyses on SA, AA and MA returned sensitivities of 0.86, 0.89 and 0.69, while specificities were 0.85 for all three. Overall Cohen′s Kappa was 0.66 (95% CI: 0.62-0.71). The CPTX1 appears to be a feasible option to screen for ARF, although results need to be validated on appropriate age groups. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T05:10:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-da7090e93f734a2c979369b734ee7e97 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0301-4738 1998-3689 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T05:10:54Z |
| publishDate | 2013-01-01 |
| publisher | Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Indian Journal of Ophthalmology |
| spelling | doaj.art-da7090e93f734a2c979369b734ee7e972022-12-22T03:46:45ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsIndian Journal of Ophthalmology0301-47381998-36892013-01-01611060861110.4103/0301-4738.121092Beyond photography: Evaluation of the consumer digital camera to identify strabismus and anisometropia by analyzing the Bruckner′s reflexSadat A. O. BaniAbadan K AmitavaRicha SharmaAlam DanishAmblyopia screening is often either costly or laborious. We evaluated the Canon Powershot TX1 (CPTX1) digital camera as an efficient screener for amblyogenic risk factors (ARF). We included 138 subjects: 84-amblyopes and 54-normal. With the red-eye-reduction feature off, we obtained Bruckner reflex photographs of different sized crescents which suggested anisometropia, while asymmetrical brightness indicated strabismus; symmetry implied normalcy. Eight sets of randomly arranged 138 photographs were made. After training, 8 personnel, marked each as normal or abnormal. Of the 84 amblyopes, 42 were strabismus alone (SA), 36 had anisometropia alone (AA) while six were mixed amblyopes (MA). Overall mean sensitivity for amblyopes was 0.86 (95% CI: 0.83-0.89) and specificity 0.85 (95% CI: 0.77-0.93). Sub-group analyses on SA, AA and MA returned sensitivities of 0.86, 0.89 and 0.69, while specificities were 0.85 for all three. Overall Cohen′s Kappa was 0.66 (95% CI: 0.62-0.71). The CPTX1 appears to be a feasible option to screen for ARF, although results need to be validated on appropriate age groups.http://www.ijo.in/article.asp?issn=0301-4738;year=2013;volume=61;issue=10;spage=608;epage=611;aulast=BaniPosterior open globe injuriesposterior to rectus insertionzone III open globe injuriesGlaucoma severityjuvenile glaucomajuvenile-onset primary open angle glaucomavisual field defectsDiabetic retinopathyrenal transplantvisual outcomeGujaratilogMARrepeatabilityvalidityvisual acuityMultiple sclerosisoptic neuritisoptical coherence tomographyretinal nerve fi ber layervisual functionsAxon diameterelectron microscopynerve fiber layeroligodendrocytespathologyFrequency doubling technology perimetrypediatric visual field testingstandard automated perimetryCentral corneal thicknessglaucomapachymetry20G Silicone rodmonocanalicular stentcanalicular laceration repairCoat′s like responsepigmented paravenous chorioretinal atrophyRetinochoroiditis radiataDacryocystectomyoculosporidiosisRhinosporidiumInfectious scleritismicrobial scleritisocular infectionscleritisCongenital ectropioncongenital eyelid imbrication syndromecongenital floppy eyelid syndromecongenital lax upper eyelid syndromedown syndromeInner retinal layer thicknessoptic nerve hypoplasiaouter retinal layer thicknessretinal nerve fiber layer thicknessspectral domain optical coherence tomographyAbducens nerve palsyhyperhomocysteinemiaisolated abducens nerve palsynontraumaticInverted internal limiting membrane flap techniquemacular holemacular hole surgeryOcularpositron emission tomographytuberculosisHigh myopiamyelinationreduced visionAmblyopiaanisometropiadigital cameraphotoscreeningstrabismus |
| spellingShingle | Sadat A. O. Bani Abadan K Amitava Richa Sharma Alam Danish Beyond photography: Evaluation of the consumer digital camera to identify strabismus and anisometropia by analyzing the Bruckner′s reflex Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Posterior open globe injuries posterior to rectus insertion zone III open globe injuries Glaucoma severity juvenile glaucoma juvenile-onset primary open angle glaucoma visual field defects Diabetic retinopathy renal transplant visual outcome Gujarati logMAR repeatability validity visual acuity Multiple sclerosis optic neuritis optical coherence tomography retinal nerve fi ber layer visual functions Axon diameter electron microscopy nerve fiber layer oligodendrocytes pathology Frequency doubling technology perimetry pediatric visual field testing standard automated perimetry Central corneal thickness glaucoma pachymetry 20G Silicone rod monocanalicular stent canalicular laceration repair Coat′s like response pigmented paravenous chorioretinal atrophy Retinochoroiditis radiata Dacryocystectomy oculosporidiosis Rhinosporidium Infectious scleritis microbial scleritis ocular infection scleritis Congenital ectropion congenital eyelid imbrication syndrome congenital floppy eyelid syndrome congenital lax upper eyelid syndrome down syndrome Inner retinal layer thickness optic nerve hypoplasia outer retinal layer thickness retinal nerve fiber layer thickness spectral domain optical coherence tomography Abducens nerve palsy hyperhomocysteinemia isolated abducens nerve palsy nontraumatic Inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique macular hole macular hole surgery Ocular positron emission tomography tuberculosis High myopia myelination reduced vision Amblyopia anisometropia digital camera photoscreening strabismus |
| title | Beyond photography: Evaluation of the consumer digital camera to identify strabismus and anisometropia by analyzing the Bruckner′s reflex |
| title_full | Beyond photography: Evaluation of the consumer digital camera to identify strabismus and anisometropia by analyzing the Bruckner′s reflex |
| title_fullStr | Beyond photography: Evaluation of the consumer digital camera to identify strabismus and anisometropia by analyzing the Bruckner′s reflex |
| title_full_unstemmed | Beyond photography: Evaluation of the consumer digital camera to identify strabismus and anisometropia by analyzing the Bruckner′s reflex |
| title_short | Beyond photography: Evaluation of the consumer digital camera to identify strabismus and anisometropia by analyzing the Bruckner′s reflex |
| title_sort | beyond photography evaluation of the consumer digital camera to identify strabismus and anisometropia by analyzing the bruckner s reflex |
| topic | Posterior open globe injuries posterior to rectus insertion zone III open globe injuries Glaucoma severity juvenile glaucoma juvenile-onset primary open angle glaucoma visual field defects Diabetic retinopathy renal transplant visual outcome Gujarati logMAR repeatability validity visual acuity Multiple sclerosis optic neuritis optical coherence tomography retinal nerve fi ber layer visual functions Axon diameter electron microscopy nerve fiber layer oligodendrocytes pathology Frequency doubling technology perimetry pediatric visual field testing standard automated perimetry Central corneal thickness glaucoma pachymetry 20G Silicone rod monocanalicular stent canalicular laceration repair Coat′s like response pigmented paravenous chorioretinal atrophy Retinochoroiditis radiata Dacryocystectomy oculosporidiosis Rhinosporidium Infectious scleritis microbial scleritis ocular infection scleritis Congenital ectropion congenital eyelid imbrication syndrome congenital floppy eyelid syndrome congenital lax upper eyelid syndrome down syndrome Inner retinal layer thickness optic nerve hypoplasia outer retinal layer thickness retinal nerve fiber layer thickness spectral domain optical coherence tomography Abducens nerve palsy hyperhomocysteinemia isolated abducens nerve palsy nontraumatic Inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique macular hole macular hole surgery Ocular positron emission tomography tuberculosis High myopia myelination reduced vision Amblyopia anisometropia digital camera photoscreening strabismus |
| url | http://www.ijo.in/article.asp?issn=0301-4738;year=2013;volume=61;issue=10;spage=608;epage=611;aulast=Bani |
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