Europinidin Mitigates 3-NPA-Induced Huntington’s Disease Symptoms in Rats: A Comprehensive Analysis of Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Enzyme Complex Activity, Pro-Inflammatory Markers and Neurotransmitter Alterations
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disease that causes progressive motor and cognitive dysfunction. There is no cure for HD, and current therapeutics can only manage the signs and symptoms as well as slowing disease progression. This investigation examines the possible therapeutic adva...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Biomedicines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/3/625 |
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| author | Khalid Saad Alharbi |
| author_facet | Khalid Saad Alharbi |
| author_sort | Khalid Saad Alharbi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Huntington’s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disease that causes progressive motor and cognitive dysfunction. There is no cure for HD, and current therapeutics can only manage the signs and symptoms as well as slowing disease progression. This investigation examines the possible therapeutic advantages of europinidin in 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA) injected HD in rats. <i>Wistar</i> rats were randomly assigned to five groups (<i>n</i> = 6): normal control, 3-NPA (10 mg/kg, i.p.), 3-NPA + europinidin-10 (10 mg/kg, p.o.), 3-NPA + europinidin-20 (20 mg/kg, p.o.), and europinidin alone (20 mg/kg, p.o.) for 15-day. Various behavioral and biochemical parameters including antioxidant levels, oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory markers, mitochondrial enzyme complex, and neurotransmitters were assessed. Europinidin restored biochemical, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, neurotransmitter, and pro-inflammatory parameters disrupted by 3-NPA. Here we show that europinidin attenuates 3-NPA-induced neurodegeneration in rat models of HD. Europinidin modulates oxidative stress, enhances antioxidants, restores mitochondrial enzyme complex activity, reduces neuroinflammation, and modulates neurotransmitter levels. Our findings reveal the potential of europinidin as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of HD. This study also provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of europinidin-mediated neuroprotection and may have a beneficial role in the management of neurological diseases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:31:42Z |
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| id | doaj.art-da7348ead39845a2888d3a01918984dc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:31:42Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-da7348ead39845a2888d3a01918984dc2024-03-27T13:22:58ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592024-03-0112362510.3390/biomedicines12030625Europinidin Mitigates 3-NPA-Induced Huntington’s Disease Symptoms in Rats: A Comprehensive Analysis of Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Enzyme Complex Activity, Pro-Inflammatory Markers and Neurotransmitter AlterationsKhalid Saad Alharbi0Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Al-Qassim, Saudi ArabiaHuntington’s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disease that causes progressive motor and cognitive dysfunction. There is no cure for HD, and current therapeutics can only manage the signs and symptoms as well as slowing disease progression. This investigation examines the possible therapeutic advantages of europinidin in 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA) injected HD in rats. <i>Wistar</i> rats were randomly assigned to five groups (<i>n</i> = 6): normal control, 3-NPA (10 mg/kg, i.p.), 3-NPA + europinidin-10 (10 mg/kg, p.o.), 3-NPA + europinidin-20 (20 mg/kg, p.o.), and europinidin alone (20 mg/kg, p.o.) for 15-day. Various behavioral and biochemical parameters including antioxidant levels, oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory markers, mitochondrial enzyme complex, and neurotransmitters were assessed. Europinidin restored biochemical, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, neurotransmitter, and pro-inflammatory parameters disrupted by 3-NPA. Here we show that europinidin attenuates 3-NPA-induced neurodegeneration in rat models of HD. Europinidin modulates oxidative stress, enhances antioxidants, restores mitochondrial enzyme complex activity, reduces neuroinflammation, and modulates neurotransmitter levels. Our findings reveal the potential of europinidin as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of HD. This study also provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of europinidin-mediated neuroprotection and may have a beneficial role in the management of neurological diseases.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/3/6253-nitropropionic acidcognitive dysfunctioneuropinidinHuntington’s diseaseneurodegenerative diseasesantioxidant |
| spellingShingle | Khalid Saad Alharbi Europinidin Mitigates 3-NPA-Induced Huntington’s Disease Symptoms in Rats: A Comprehensive Analysis of Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Enzyme Complex Activity, Pro-Inflammatory Markers and Neurotransmitter Alterations Biomedicines 3-nitropropionic acid cognitive dysfunction europinidin Huntington’s disease neurodegenerative diseases antioxidant |
| title | Europinidin Mitigates 3-NPA-Induced Huntington’s Disease Symptoms in Rats: A Comprehensive Analysis of Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Enzyme Complex Activity, Pro-Inflammatory Markers and Neurotransmitter Alterations |
| title_full | Europinidin Mitigates 3-NPA-Induced Huntington’s Disease Symptoms in Rats: A Comprehensive Analysis of Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Enzyme Complex Activity, Pro-Inflammatory Markers and Neurotransmitter Alterations |
| title_fullStr | Europinidin Mitigates 3-NPA-Induced Huntington’s Disease Symptoms in Rats: A Comprehensive Analysis of Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Enzyme Complex Activity, Pro-Inflammatory Markers and Neurotransmitter Alterations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Europinidin Mitigates 3-NPA-Induced Huntington’s Disease Symptoms in Rats: A Comprehensive Analysis of Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Enzyme Complex Activity, Pro-Inflammatory Markers and Neurotransmitter Alterations |
| title_short | Europinidin Mitigates 3-NPA-Induced Huntington’s Disease Symptoms in Rats: A Comprehensive Analysis of Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Enzyme Complex Activity, Pro-Inflammatory Markers and Neurotransmitter Alterations |
| title_sort | europinidin mitigates 3 npa induced huntington s disease symptoms in rats a comprehensive analysis of oxidative stress mitochondrial enzyme complex activity pro inflammatory markers and neurotransmitter alterations |
| topic | 3-nitropropionic acid cognitive dysfunction europinidin Huntington’s disease neurodegenerative diseases antioxidant |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/3/625 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT khalidsaadalharbi europinidinmitigates3npainducedhuntingtonsdiseasesymptomsinratsacomprehensiveanalysisofoxidativestressmitochondrialenzymecomplexactivityproinflammatorymarkersandneurotransmitteralterations |