Internalization and accumulation of model lignin breakdown products in bacteria and fungi
Abstract Background Valorization of lignin has the potential to significantly improve the economics of lignocellulosic biorefineries. However, its complex structure makes conversion to useful products elusive. One promising approach is depolymerization of lignin and subsequent bioconversion of break...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2019-07-01
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| Series: | Biotechnology for Biofuels |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13068-019-1494-8 |
| _version_ | 1811233233114759168 |
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| author | Meghan C. Barnhart-Dailey Dongmei Ye Dulce C. Hayes Danae Maes Casey T. Simoes Leah Appelhans Amanda Carroll-Portillo Michael S. Kent Jerilyn A. Timlin |
| author_facet | Meghan C. Barnhart-Dailey Dongmei Ye Dulce C. Hayes Danae Maes Casey T. Simoes Leah Appelhans Amanda Carroll-Portillo Michael S. Kent Jerilyn A. Timlin |
| author_sort | Meghan C. Barnhart-Dailey |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Valorization of lignin has the potential to significantly improve the economics of lignocellulosic biorefineries. However, its complex structure makes conversion to useful products elusive. One promising approach is depolymerization of lignin and subsequent bioconversion of breakdown products into value-added compounds. Optimizing transport of these depolymerization products into one or more organism(s) for biological conversion is important to maximize carbon utilization and minimize toxicity. Current methods assess internalization of depolymerization products indirectly—for example, growth on, or toxicity of, a substrate. Furthermore, no method has been shown to provide visualization of depolymerization products in individual cells. Results We applied mass spectrometry to provide direct measurements of relative internalized concentrations of several lignin depolymerization compounds and single-cell microscopy methods to visualize cell-to-cell differences in internalized amounts of two lignin depolymerization compounds. We characterized internalization of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, p-coumaric acid, syringic acid, and the model dimer guaiacylglycerol-beta-guaiacyl ether (GGE) in the lignolytic organisms Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Enterobacter lignolyticus and in the non-lignolytic but genetically tractable organisms Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli. The results show varying degrees of internalization in all organisms for all the tested compounds, including the model dimer, GGE. Phanerochaete chrysosporium internalizes all compounds in non-lignolytic and lignolytic conditions at comparable levels, indicating that the transporters for these compounds are not specific to the lignolytic secondary metabolic system. Single-cell microscopy shows that internalization of vanillic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid analogs varies greatly among individual fungal and bacterial cells in a given population. Glucose starvation and chemical inhibition of ATP hydrolysis during internalization significantly reduced the internalized amount of vanillic acid in bacteria. Conclusions Mass spectrometry and single-cell microscopy methods were developed to establish a toolset for providing direct measurement and visualization of relative internal concentrations of mono- and di-aryl compounds in microbes. Utilizing these methods, we observed broad variation in intracellular concentration between organisms and within populations and this may have important consequences for the efficiency and productivity of an industrial process for bioconversion. Subsequent application of this toolset will be useful in identifying and characterizing specific transporters for lignin-derived mono- and di-aryl compounds. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T11:18:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-da80d2d73e764274ac9f031f1647d5e4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1754-6834 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T11:18:21Z |
| publishDate | 2019-07-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biotechnology for Biofuels |
| spelling | doaj.art-da80d2d73e764274ac9f031f1647d5e42022-12-22T03:35:27ZengBMCBiotechnology for Biofuels1754-68342019-07-0112111910.1186/s13068-019-1494-8Internalization and accumulation of model lignin breakdown products in bacteria and fungiMeghan C. Barnhart-Dailey0Dongmei Ye1Dulce C. Hayes2Danae Maes3Casey T. Simoes4Leah Appelhans5Amanda Carroll-Portillo6Michael S. Kent7Jerilyn A. Timlin8Department of Bioenergy and Defense Technologies, Sandia National LaboratoriesDepartment of Nanobiology, Sandia National LaboratoriesDepartment of Nano and Bio-Sensors, Sandia National LaboratoriesDepartment of Bioenergy and Defense Technologies, Sandia National LaboratoriesDepartment of Nanobiology, Sandia National LaboratoriesDepartment of Organic Materials Science, Sandia National LaboratoriesDepartment of Bioenergy and Defense Technologies, Sandia National LaboratoriesDepartment of Nanobiology, Sandia National LaboratoriesDepartment of Bioenergy and Defense Technologies, Sandia National LaboratoriesAbstract Background Valorization of lignin has the potential to significantly improve the economics of lignocellulosic biorefineries. However, its complex structure makes conversion to useful products elusive. One promising approach is depolymerization of lignin and subsequent bioconversion of breakdown products into value-added compounds. Optimizing transport of these depolymerization products into one or more organism(s) for biological conversion is important to maximize carbon utilization and minimize toxicity. Current methods assess internalization of depolymerization products indirectly—for example, growth on, or toxicity of, a substrate. Furthermore, no method has been shown to provide visualization of depolymerization products in individual cells. Results We applied mass spectrometry to provide direct measurements of relative internalized concentrations of several lignin depolymerization compounds and single-cell microscopy methods to visualize cell-to-cell differences in internalized amounts of two lignin depolymerization compounds. We characterized internalization of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, p-coumaric acid, syringic acid, and the model dimer guaiacylglycerol-beta-guaiacyl ether (GGE) in the lignolytic organisms Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Enterobacter lignolyticus and in the non-lignolytic but genetically tractable organisms Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli. The results show varying degrees of internalization in all organisms for all the tested compounds, including the model dimer, GGE. Phanerochaete chrysosporium internalizes all compounds in non-lignolytic and lignolytic conditions at comparable levels, indicating that the transporters for these compounds are not specific to the lignolytic secondary metabolic system. Single-cell microscopy shows that internalization of vanillic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid analogs varies greatly among individual fungal and bacterial cells in a given population. Glucose starvation and chemical inhibition of ATP hydrolysis during internalization significantly reduced the internalized amount of vanillic acid in bacteria. Conclusions Mass spectrometry and single-cell microscopy methods were developed to establish a toolset for providing direct measurement and visualization of relative internal concentrations of mono- and di-aryl compounds in microbes. Utilizing these methods, we observed broad variation in intracellular concentration between organisms and within populations and this may have important consequences for the efficiency and productivity of an industrial process for bioconversion. Subsequent application of this toolset will be useful in identifying and characterizing specific transporters for lignin-derived mono- and di-aryl compounds.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13068-019-1494-8LigninBioconversionTransportSingle-cell analysisMass spectrometryMono-aryl |
| spellingShingle | Meghan C. Barnhart-Dailey Dongmei Ye Dulce C. Hayes Danae Maes Casey T. Simoes Leah Appelhans Amanda Carroll-Portillo Michael S. Kent Jerilyn A. Timlin Internalization and accumulation of model lignin breakdown products in bacteria and fungi Biotechnology for Biofuels Lignin Bioconversion Transport Single-cell analysis Mass spectrometry Mono-aryl |
| title | Internalization and accumulation of model lignin breakdown products in bacteria and fungi |
| title_full | Internalization and accumulation of model lignin breakdown products in bacteria and fungi |
| title_fullStr | Internalization and accumulation of model lignin breakdown products in bacteria and fungi |
| title_full_unstemmed | Internalization and accumulation of model lignin breakdown products in bacteria and fungi |
| title_short | Internalization and accumulation of model lignin breakdown products in bacteria and fungi |
| title_sort | internalization and accumulation of model lignin breakdown products in bacteria and fungi |
| topic | Lignin Bioconversion Transport Single-cell analysis Mass spectrometry Mono-aryl |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13068-019-1494-8 |
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