Carbon and Oxygen Gas Exchange in Woody Debris: The Process and Climate-Related Drivers
The carbon-to-oxygen relationship and gas exchange balance, organic carbon to CO<sub>2</sub> conversion intensity and efficiency, and their relevance to climate parameters and wood decay fungi were investigated for birch woody debris (WD) in the Mid-Urals mixed pine and birch forests. It...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-08-01
|
| Series: | Forests |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/9/1156 |
| _version_ | 1797519309978730496 |
|---|---|
| author | Victor A. Mukhin Daria K. Diyarova Mikhail L. Gitarskiy Dmitry G. Zamolodchikov |
| author_facet | Victor A. Mukhin Daria K. Diyarova Mikhail L. Gitarskiy Dmitry G. Zamolodchikov |
| author_sort | Victor A. Mukhin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The carbon-to-oxygen relationship and gas exchange balance, organic carbon to CO<sub>2</sub> conversion intensity and efficiency, and their relevance to climate parameters and wood decay fungi were investigated for birch woody debris (WD) in the Mid-Urals mixed pine and birch forests. It was shown that, within the range of temperatures from 10 to 40 °C and relative moisture (RM) of wood of 40% and 70%, aerobic gas exchange was observed in the WD, encompassing the physiologically entwined processes of CO<sub>2</sub> emission and O<sub>2</sub> uptake. Their volumetric ratio (0.9) confirmed that (1) the WD represents a globally significant CO<sub>2</sub> source and appropriate O<sub>2</sub> consumer and (2) the oxidative conversion of organic carbon is highly efficient in the WD, with an average ratio of CO<sub>2</sub> released to O<sub>2</sub> consumed equal to 90%. The balance of carbon-to-oxygen gas exchange and oxidizing conversion efficiency in the WD were not affected by either fungal species tested or by moisture or temperature. However, the intensity of gas exchange was unique for each wood decay fungi, and it could be treated as a climate-reliant parameter driven by temperature (<i>Q</i><sub>10</sub> = 2.0–2.1) and moisture (the latter induced a corresponding trend and value changes in CO<sub>2</sub> emission and O<sub>2</sub> uptake). Depending on the direction and degree of the change in temperature and moisture, their combined effect on the intensity of gas exchange led to its strengthening or weakening; otherwise, it was stabilized. Aerobic respiration of wood decay Basidiomycetes is an essential prerequisite and the major biotic factor in the WD gas exchange, while moisture and temperature are its climatic controllers only. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:41:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-da8553612fae47c6bf3b9569267f0377 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4907 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:41:02Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Forests |
| spelling | doaj.art-da8553612fae47c6bf3b9569267f03772023-11-22T13:06:52ZengMDPI AGForests1999-49072021-08-01129115610.3390/f12091156Carbon and Oxygen Gas Exchange in Woody Debris: The Process and Climate-Related DriversVictor A. Mukhin0Daria K. Diyarova1Mikhail L. Gitarskiy2Dmitry G. Zamolodchikov3Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620144 Yekaterinburg, RussiaInstitute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620144 Yekaterinburg, RussiaEcology and Environmental Management Program, Ugresha Branch, Dubna State University, 140090 Dzerzhinsky, RussiaCenter for Forest Ecology and Productivity, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117234 Moscow, RussiaThe carbon-to-oxygen relationship and gas exchange balance, organic carbon to CO<sub>2</sub> conversion intensity and efficiency, and their relevance to climate parameters and wood decay fungi were investigated for birch woody debris (WD) in the Mid-Urals mixed pine and birch forests. It was shown that, within the range of temperatures from 10 to 40 °C and relative moisture (RM) of wood of 40% and 70%, aerobic gas exchange was observed in the WD, encompassing the physiologically entwined processes of CO<sub>2</sub> emission and O<sub>2</sub> uptake. Their volumetric ratio (0.9) confirmed that (1) the WD represents a globally significant CO<sub>2</sub> source and appropriate O<sub>2</sub> consumer and (2) the oxidative conversion of organic carbon is highly efficient in the WD, with an average ratio of CO<sub>2</sub> released to O<sub>2</sub> consumed equal to 90%. The balance of carbon-to-oxygen gas exchange and oxidizing conversion efficiency in the WD were not affected by either fungal species tested or by moisture or temperature. However, the intensity of gas exchange was unique for each wood decay fungi, and it could be treated as a climate-reliant parameter driven by temperature (<i>Q</i><sub>10</sub> = 2.0–2.1) and moisture (the latter induced a corresponding trend and value changes in CO<sub>2</sub> emission and O<sub>2</sub> uptake). Depending on the direction and degree of the change in temperature and moisture, their combined effect on the intensity of gas exchange led to its strengthening or weakening; otherwise, it was stabilized. Aerobic respiration of wood decay Basidiomycetes is an essential prerequisite and the major biotic factor in the WD gas exchange, while moisture and temperature are its climatic controllers only.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/9/1156boreal forestwoody debrisCO<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>gas exchangetemperature |
| spellingShingle | Victor A. Mukhin Daria K. Diyarova Mikhail L. Gitarskiy Dmitry G. Zamolodchikov Carbon and Oxygen Gas Exchange in Woody Debris: The Process and Climate-Related Drivers Forests boreal forest woody debris CO<sub>2</sub> O<sub>2</sub> gas exchange temperature |
| title | Carbon and Oxygen Gas Exchange in Woody Debris: The Process and Climate-Related Drivers |
| title_full | Carbon and Oxygen Gas Exchange in Woody Debris: The Process and Climate-Related Drivers |
| title_fullStr | Carbon and Oxygen Gas Exchange in Woody Debris: The Process and Climate-Related Drivers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Carbon and Oxygen Gas Exchange in Woody Debris: The Process and Climate-Related Drivers |
| title_short | Carbon and Oxygen Gas Exchange in Woody Debris: The Process and Climate-Related Drivers |
| title_sort | carbon and oxygen gas exchange in woody debris the process and climate related drivers |
| topic | boreal forest woody debris CO<sub>2</sub> O<sub>2</sub> gas exchange temperature |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/9/1156 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT victoramukhin carbonandoxygengasexchangeinwoodydebristheprocessandclimaterelateddrivers AT dariakdiyarova carbonandoxygengasexchangeinwoodydebristheprocessandclimaterelateddrivers AT mikhaillgitarskiy carbonandoxygengasexchangeinwoodydebristheprocessandclimaterelateddrivers AT dmitrygzamolodchikov carbonandoxygengasexchangeinwoodydebristheprocessandclimaterelateddrivers |