The Marine Seagrass <i>Halophila stipulacea</i> as a Source of Bioactive Metabolites against Obesity and Biofouling
Marine organisms, including seagrasses, are important sources of biologically active molecules for the treatment of human diseases. In this study, organic extracts of the marine seagrass <i>Halophila stipulacea</i> obtained by different polarities from leaves (L) and stems (S) (hexane [H...
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MDPI AG
2020-01-01
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author | Sawssen Bel Mabrouk Mariana Reis Maria Lígia Sousa Tiago Ribeiro Joana R. Almeida Sandra Pereira Jorge Antunes Filipa Rosa Vitor Vasconcelos Lotfi Achour Adnen Kacem Ralph Urbatzka |
author_facet | Sawssen Bel Mabrouk Mariana Reis Maria Lígia Sousa Tiago Ribeiro Joana R. Almeida Sandra Pereira Jorge Antunes Filipa Rosa Vitor Vasconcelos Lotfi Achour Adnen Kacem Ralph Urbatzka |
author_sort | Sawssen Bel Mabrouk |
collection | DOAJ |
description | Marine organisms, including seagrasses, are important sources of biologically active molecules for the treatment of human diseases. In this study, organic extracts of the marine seagrass <i>Halophila stipulacea</i> obtained by different polarities from leaves (L) and stems (S) (hexane [HL, HS], ethyl acetate [EL, ES], and methanol [ML, MS]) were tested for different bioactivities. The screening comprehended the cytotoxicity activity against cancer cell lines grown as a monolayer culture or as multicellular spheroids (cancer), glucose uptake in cells (diabetes), reduction of lipid content in fatty acid-overloaded liver cells (steatosis), and lipid-reducing activity in zebrafish larvae (obesity), as well as the antifouling activity against marine bacteria (microfouling) and mussel larval settlement (macrofouling). HL, EL, HS, and ES extracts showed statistically significant cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines. The extracts did not have any significant effect on glucose uptake and on the reduction of lipids in liver cells. The EL and ML extracts reduced neutral lipid contents on the larvae of zebrafish with EC<sub>50</sub> values of 2.2 µg/mL for EL and 1.2 µg/mL for ML. For the antifouling activity, the HS and ML extracts showed a significant inhibitory effect (<i>p</i> < 0.05) against the settlement of <i>Mytilus galloprovincialis</i> plantigrade larvae. The metabolite profiling using HR-LC-MS/MS and GNPS (The Global Natural Product Social Molecular Networking) analyses identified a variety of known primary and secondary metabolites in the extracts, along with some unreported molecules. Various compounds were detected with known activities on cancer (polyphenols: Luteolin, apeginin, matairesinol), on metabolic diseases (polyphenols: cirsimarin, spiraeoside, 2,4-dihydroxyheptadec-16-ynyl acetate; amino acids: N-acetyl-L-tyrosine), or on antifouling (fatty acids: 13-decosenamide; cinnamic acids: 3-hydroxy-4-methoxycinnamic acid, alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic), which could be, in part, responsible for the observed bioactivities. In summary, this study revealed that <i>Halophila stipulacea</i> is a rich source of metabolites with promising activities against obesity and biofouling and suggests that this seagrass could be useful for drug discovery in the future. |
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spelling | doaj.art-da9017006d5746a5b3d961f6d68a67972022-12-22T02:15:01ZengMDPI AGMarine Drugs1660-33972020-01-011828810.3390/md18020088md18020088The Marine Seagrass <i>Halophila stipulacea</i> as a Source of Bioactive Metabolites against Obesity and BiofoulingSawssen Bel Mabrouk0Mariana Reis1Maria Lígia Sousa2Tiago Ribeiro3Joana R. Almeida4Sandra Pereira5Jorge Antunes6Filipa Rosa7Vitor Vasconcelos8Lotfi Achour9Adnen Kacem10Ralph Urbatzka11Research Laboratory (LR14-ES06): Bioresources: Integrative Biology and Valorization, High Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, TunisiaInterdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, PortugalInterdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, PortugalInterdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, PortugalInterdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, PortugalInterdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, PortugalInterdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, PortugalInterdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, PortugalInterdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, PortugalResearch Laboratory (LR14-ES06): Bioresources: Integrative Biology and Valorization, High Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, TunisiaResearch Laboratory (LR14-ES06): Bioresources: Integrative Biology and Valorization, High Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, TunisiaInterdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, PortugalMarine organisms, including seagrasses, are important sources of biologically active molecules for the treatment of human diseases. In this study, organic extracts of the marine seagrass <i>Halophila stipulacea</i> obtained by different polarities from leaves (L) and stems (S) (hexane [HL, HS], ethyl acetate [EL, ES], and methanol [ML, MS]) were tested for different bioactivities. The screening comprehended the cytotoxicity activity against cancer cell lines grown as a monolayer culture or as multicellular spheroids (cancer), glucose uptake in cells (diabetes), reduction of lipid content in fatty acid-overloaded liver cells (steatosis), and lipid-reducing activity in zebrafish larvae (obesity), as well as the antifouling activity against marine bacteria (microfouling) and mussel larval settlement (macrofouling). HL, EL, HS, and ES extracts showed statistically significant cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines. The extracts did not have any significant effect on glucose uptake and on the reduction of lipids in liver cells. The EL and ML extracts reduced neutral lipid contents on the larvae of zebrafish with EC<sub>50</sub> values of 2.2 µg/mL for EL and 1.2 µg/mL for ML. For the antifouling activity, the HS and ML extracts showed a significant inhibitory effect (<i>p</i> < 0.05) against the settlement of <i>Mytilus galloprovincialis</i> plantigrade larvae. The metabolite profiling using HR-LC-MS/MS and GNPS (The Global Natural Product Social Molecular Networking) analyses identified a variety of known primary and secondary metabolites in the extracts, along with some unreported molecules. Various compounds were detected with known activities on cancer (polyphenols: Luteolin, apeginin, matairesinol), on metabolic diseases (polyphenols: cirsimarin, spiraeoside, 2,4-dihydroxyheptadec-16-ynyl acetate; amino acids: N-acetyl-L-tyrosine), or on antifouling (fatty acids: 13-decosenamide; cinnamic acids: 3-hydroxy-4-methoxycinnamic acid, alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic), which could be, in part, responsible for the observed bioactivities. In summary, this study revealed that <i>Halophila stipulacea</i> is a rich source of metabolites with promising activities against obesity and biofouling and suggests that this seagrass could be useful for drug discovery in the future.https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/18/2/88<i>halophila stipulacea</i>extractsbioactivitycytotoxicityanti-obesityantifouling |
spellingShingle | Sawssen Bel Mabrouk Mariana Reis Maria Lígia Sousa Tiago Ribeiro Joana R. Almeida Sandra Pereira Jorge Antunes Filipa Rosa Vitor Vasconcelos Lotfi Achour Adnen Kacem Ralph Urbatzka The Marine Seagrass <i>Halophila stipulacea</i> as a Source of Bioactive Metabolites against Obesity and Biofouling Marine Drugs <i>halophila stipulacea</i> extracts bioactivity cytotoxicity anti-obesity antifouling |
title | The Marine Seagrass <i>Halophila stipulacea</i> as a Source of Bioactive Metabolites against Obesity and Biofouling |
title_full | The Marine Seagrass <i>Halophila stipulacea</i> as a Source of Bioactive Metabolites against Obesity and Biofouling |
title_fullStr | The Marine Seagrass <i>Halophila stipulacea</i> as a Source of Bioactive Metabolites against Obesity and Biofouling |
title_full_unstemmed | The Marine Seagrass <i>Halophila stipulacea</i> as a Source of Bioactive Metabolites against Obesity and Biofouling |
title_short | The Marine Seagrass <i>Halophila stipulacea</i> as a Source of Bioactive Metabolites against Obesity and Biofouling |
title_sort | marine seagrass i halophila stipulacea i as a source of bioactive metabolites against obesity and biofouling |
topic | <i>halophila stipulacea</i> extracts bioactivity cytotoxicity anti-obesity antifouling |
url | https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/18/2/88 |
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