Immunogenicity and Safety of an Intradermal BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine Booster after Two Doses of Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Healthy Population
Effective vaccine coverage is urgently needed to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic. Inactivated vaccines have been introduced in many countries for emergency usage, but have only provided limited protection. Heterologous vaccination is a promising strategy to maximise vaccine immunogenicity. Here, we con...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/12/1375 |
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| author | Porntip Intapiboon Purilap Seepathomnarong Jomkwan Ongarj Smonrapat Surasombatpattana Supattra Uppanisakorn Surakameth Mahasirimongkol Waritta Sawaengdee Supaporn Phumiamorn Sompong Sapsutthipas Pasuree Sangsupawanich Sarunyou Chusri Nawamin Pinpathomrat |
| author_facet | Porntip Intapiboon Purilap Seepathomnarong Jomkwan Ongarj Smonrapat Surasombatpattana Supattra Uppanisakorn Surakameth Mahasirimongkol Waritta Sawaengdee Supaporn Phumiamorn Sompong Sapsutthipas Pasuree Sangsupawanich Sarunyou Chusri Nawamin Pinpathomrat |
| author_sort | Porntip Intapiboon |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Effective vaccine coverage is urgently needed to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic. Inactivated vaccines have been introduced in many countries for emergency usage, but have only provided limited protection. Heterologous vaccination is a promising strategy to maximise vaccine immunogenicity. Here, we conducted a phase I, randomised control trial to observe the safety and immunogenicity after an intradermal boost, using a fractional dosage (1:5) of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in healthy participants in Songkhla, Thailand. In total, 91 volunteers who had been administered with two doses of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 (CoronaVac) were recruited into the study, and then randomised (1:1:1) to received different regimens of the third dose. An intramuscular booster with a full dose of BNT162b2 was included as a conventional control, and a half dose group was included as reciprocal comparator. Both, immediate and delayed adverse events following immunisation (AEFI) were monitored. Humoral and cellular immune responses were examined to observe the booster effects. The intradermal booster provided significantly fewer systemic side effects, from 70% down to 19.4% (<i>p</i> < 0.001); however, they were comparable to local reactions with the conventional intramuscular booster. In the intradermal group after receiving only one fifth of the conventional dosage, serum Anti-RBD IgG was halved compared to the full dose of an intramuscular injection. However, the neutralising function against the Delta strain remained intact. T cell responses were also less effective in the intradermal group compared to the intramuscular booster. Together, the intradermal booster, using a fractional dose of BNT162b2, can reduce systemic reactions and provides a good level and function of antibody responses compared to the conventional booster. This favourable intradermal boosting strategy provides a suitable alternative for vaccines and effective vaccine management to increase the coverage during the vaccine shortage. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:57:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-da9cc1c7267c4917ac69883e113a4f13 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:57:28Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-da9cc1c7267c4917ac69883e113a4f132023-11-23T10:53:29ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2021-11-01912137510.3390/vaccines9121375Immunogenicity and Safety of an Intradermal BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine Booster after Two Doses of Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Healthy PopulationPorntip Intapiboon0Purilap Seepathomnarong1Jomkwan Ongarj2Smonrapat Surasombatpattana3Supattra Uppanisakorn4Surakameth Mahasirimongkol5Waritta Sawaengdee6Supaporn Phumiamorn7Sompong Sapsutthipas8Pasuree Sangsupawanich9Sarunyou Chusri10Nawamin Pinpathomrat11Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, ThailandDepartment of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, ThailandDepartment of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, ThailandDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, ThailandClinical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, ThailandDepartment of Medical Science, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, ThailandDepartment of Medical Science, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, ThailandInstitute of Biological Products, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, ThailandInstitute of Biological Products, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, ThailandClinical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, ThailandDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, ThailandDepartment of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, ThailandEffective vaccine coverage is urgently needed to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic. Inactivated vaccines have been introduced in many countries for emergency usage, but have only provided limited protection. Heterologous vaccination is a promising strategy to maximise vaccine immunogenicity. Here, we conducted a phase I, randomised control trial to observe the safety and immunogenicity after an intradermal boost, using a fractional dosage (1:5) of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in healthy participants in Songkhla, Thailand. In total, 91 volunteers who had been administered with two doses of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 (CoronaVac) were recruited into the study, and then randomised (1:1:1) to received different regimens of the third dose. An intramuscular booster with a full dose of BNT162b2 was included as a conventional control, and a half dose group was included as reciprocal comparator. Both, immediate and delayed adverse events following immunisation (AEFI) were monitored. Humoral and cellular immune responses were examined to observe the booster effects. The intradermal booster provided significantly fewer systemic side effects, from 70% down to 19.4% (<i>p</i> < 0.001); however, they were comparable to local reactions with the conventional intramuscular booster. In the intradermal group after receiving only one fifth of the conventional dosage, serum Anti-RBD IgG was halved compared to the full dose of an intramuscular injection. However, the neutralising function against the Delta strain remained intact. T cell responses were also less effective in the intradermal group compared to the intramuscular booster. Together, the intradermal booster, using a fractional dose of BNT162b2, can reduce systemic reactions and provides a good level and function of antibody responses compared to the conventional booster. This favourable intradermal boosting strategy provides a suitable alternative for vaccines and effective vaccine management to increase the coverage during the vaccine shortage.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/12/1375intradermalmRNA vaccineinactivated SARS-CoV-2COVID-19immunogenicity |
| spellingShingle | Porntip Intapiboon Purilap Seepathomnarong Jomkwan Ongarj Smonrapat Surasombatpattana Supattra Uppanisakorn Surakameth Mahasirimongkol Waritta Sawaengdee Supaporn Phumiamorn Sompong Sapsutthipas Pasuree Sangsupawanich Sarunyou Chusri Nawamin Pinpathomrat Immunogenicity and Safety of an Intradermal BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine Booster after Two Doses of Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Healthy Population Vaccines intradermal mRNA vaccine inactivated SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 immunogenicity |
| title | Immunogenicity and Safety of an Intradermal BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine Booster after Two Doses of Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Healthy Population |
| title_full | Immunogenicity and Safety of an Intradermal BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine Booster after Two Doses of Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Healthy Population |
| title_fullStr | Immunogenicity and Safety of an Intradermal BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine Booster after Two Doses of Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Healthy Population |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immunogenicity and Safety of an Intradermal BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine Booster after Two Doses of Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Healthy Population |
| title_short | Immunogenicity and Safety of an Intradermal BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine Booster after Two Doses of Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Healthy Population |
| title_sort | immunogenicity and safety of an intradermal bnt162b2 mrna vaccine booster after two doses of inactivated sars cov 2 vaccine in healthy population |
| topic | intradermal mRNA vaccine inactivated SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 immunogenicity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/12/1375 |
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