Dual-curable stereolithography resins for superior thermomechanical properties
Stereolithography (SL) stands out as a relatively fast additive manufacturing method to produce thermoset components with high resolutions. The majority of SL resins consist of acrylate monomers which result in materials with curing-induced shrinkage problems and this, in addition to the incomplete...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Budapest University of Technology
2020-09-01
|
| Series: | eXPRESS Polymer Letters |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.expresspolymlett.com/letolt.php?file=EPL-0010540&mi=cd |
| _version_ | 1823999409409490944 |
|---|---|
| author | O. Konuray F. Di Donato M. Sangermano J. Bonada A. Tercjak X. Fernandez-Francos A. Serra X. Ramis |
| author_facet | O. Konuray F. Di Donato M. Sangermano J. Bonada A. Tercjak X. Fernandez-Francos A. Serra X. Ramis |
| author_sort | O. Konuray |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Stereolithography (SL) stands out as a relatively fast additive manufacturing method to produce thermoset components with high resolutions. The majority of SL resins consist of acrylate monomers which result in materials with curing-induced shrinkage problems and this, in addition to the incomplete and non-uniform conversions reached in the SL process, results in poor mechanical properties. To address this issue, a dual-curing formulation was developed by mixing an epoxy monomer into a commercial multi-acrylate SL resin: the first curing stage is acrylate free-radical photopolymerization at ambient temperature, and the second curing stage is cationic epoxy homopolymerization at higher temperatures. The fully dual-cured materials are macroscopically homogeneous, with nanoscale domains observed by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and with unimodal tan delta peaks observed in Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA). The uncured material was storage stable at ambient conditions for at least 9 weeks since the epoxy part was virtually unreactive at these temperatures. With the dual-cured materials, a nearly 10-fold increase in Young’s modulus was achieved over the neat acrylate resin. At the thermal curing stage, the presence of diperoxyketal thermal radical initiator to the liquid formulation facilitated the polymerization of unreacted acrylates that remained from the SL process simultaneously with epoxy homopolymerization and helped the material attain improved properties. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-18T17:44:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-da9df2f2c3644eadba67ec87ceaf40d5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1788-618X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-18T17:44:05Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
| publisher | Budapest University of Technology |
| record_format | Article |
| series | eXPRESS Polymer Letters |
| spelling | doaj.art-da9df2f2c3644eadba67ec87ceaf40d52022-12-21T20:59:05ZengBudapest University of TechnologyeXPRESS Polymer Letters1788-618X2020-09-0114988189410.3144/expresspolymlett.2020.72Dual-curable stereolithography resins for superior thermomechanical propertiesO. KonurayF. Di DonatoM. SangermanoJ. BonadaA. TercjakX. Fernandez-FrancosA. SerraX. RamisStereolithography (SL) stands out as a relatively fast additive manufacturing method to produce thermoset components with high resolutions. The majority of SL resins consist of acrylate monomers which result in materials with curing-induced shrinkage problems and this, in addition to the incomplete and non-uniform conversions reached in the SL process, results in poor mechanical properties. To address this issue, a dual-curing formulation was developed by mixing an epoxy monomer into a commercial multi-acrylate SL resin: the first curing stage is acrylate free-radical photopolymerization at ambient temperature, and the second curing stage is cationic epoxy homopolymerization at higher temperatures. The fully dual-cured materials are macroscopically homogeneous, with nanoscale domains observed by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and with unimodal tan delta peaks observed in Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA). The uncured material was storage stable at ambient conditions for at least 9 weeks since the epoxy part was virtually unreactive at these temperatures. With the dual-cured materials, a nearly 10-fold increase in Young’s modulus was achieved over the neat acrylate resin. At the thermal curing stage, the presence of diperoxyketal thermal radical initiator to the liquid formulation facilitated the polymerization of unreacted acrylates that remained from the SL process simultaneously with epoxy homopolymerization and helped the material attain improved properties.http://www.expresspolymlett.com/letolt.php?file=EPL-0010540&mi=cdthermosetting resinsstereolithographydual-curingepoxy |
| spellingShingle | O. Konuray F. Di Donato M. Sangermano J. Bonada A. Tercjak X. Fernandez-Francos A. Serra X. Ramis Dual-curable stereolithography resins for superior thermomechanical properties eXPRESS Polymer Letters thermosetting resins stereolithography dual-curing epoxy |
| title | Dual-curable stereolithography resins for superior thermomechanical properties |
| title_full | Dual-curable stereolithography resins for superior thermomechanical properties |
| title_fullStr | Dual-curable stereolithography resins for superior thermomechanical properties |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dual-curable stereolithography resins for superior thermomechanical properties |
| title_short | Dual-curable stereolithography resins for superior thermomechanical properties |
| title_sort | dual curable stereolithography resins for superior thermomechanical properties |
| topic | thermosetting resins stereolithography dual-curing epoxy |
| url | http://www.expresspolymlett.com/letolt.php?file=EPL-0010540&mi=cd |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT okonuray dualcurablestereolithographyresinsforsuperiorthermomechanicalproperties AT fdidonato dualcurablestereolithographyresinsforsuperiorthermomechanicalproperties AT msangermano dualcurablestereolithographyresinsforsuperiorthermomechanicalproperties AT jbonada dualcurablestereolithographyresinsforsuperiorthermomechanicalproperties AT atercjak dualcurablestereolithographyresinsforsuperiorthermomechanicalproperties AT xfernandezfrancos dualcurablestereolithographyresinsforsuperiorthermomechanicalproperties AT aserra dualcurablestereolithographyresinsforsuperiorthermomechanicalproperties AT xramis dualcurablestereolithographyresinsforsuperiorthermomechanicalproperties |