Emphasis on Occupancy Rates in Carbon Emission Comparison for Maritime and Road Passenger Transportation Modes
Carbon emissions generated by the transportation sector represent a large part of total greenhouse gas emissions and are thus subject to various policies and initiatives for emission reduction and the development of sustainable transportation networks. Furthermore, passenger transportation generates...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/10/4/459 |
| _version_ | 1827628222470160384 |
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| author | Josip Dujmović Tomislav Krljan Nikola Lopac Srđan Žuškin |
| author_facet | Josip Dujmović Tomislav Krljan Nikola Lopac Srđan Žuškin |
| author_sort | Josip Dujmović |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Carbon emissions generated by the transportation sector represent a large part of total greenhouse gas emissions and are thus subject to various policies and initiatives for emission reduction and the development of sustainable transportation networks. Furthermore, passenger transportation generates a significant amount of emissions within this sector, especially in those countries with large and developed tourist sectors. Examples of such countries are Italy and Croatia, located in the Adriatic region, with a large portion of passengers between them being transported utilizing mainly maritime and/or road transportation modes. A proper analysis of the impact of these transportation mode choices on carbon emissions is essential to enable the selection of the optimal transportation mode for the particular transportation route with respect to the generated emissions. Therefore, this study determines the carbon emissions of the maritime and/or road transportation modes on the existing cross-border passenger transportation routes between Italy and Croatia. For the analysis, the Adriatic region was divided into three sections—the Northern, Middle, and Southern regions—each characterized by specific transportation routes defined by geographical features and distances. The results obtained from this research are presented as total carbon emissions for each transportation mode separately, based on each of three chosen routes in different regions. In addition, a carbon emission comparison between each transportation mode in regard to occupancy rate is performed and presented separately for each chosen route based on its specific distances, transportation means, and features. Finally, by providing an analysis of the existing state, this study can serve as a basis for Italy–Croatia cross-border passenger mobility network modernization and the introduction of new, sustainable, and multimodal transportation routes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:28:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-daaaca2931b748838d6a2d07c4717c14 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-1312 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:28:39Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-daaaca2931b748838d6a2d07c4717c142023-11-30T21:21:01ZengMDPI AGJournal of Marine Science and Engineering2077-13122022-03-0110445910.3390/jmse10040459Emphasis on Occupancy Rates in Carbon Emission Comparison for Maritime and Road Passenger Transportation ModesJosip Dujmović0Tomislav Krljan1Nikola Lopac2Srđan Žuškin3Faculty of Maritime Studies, University of Rijeka, Studentska 2, 51000 Rijeka, CroatiaFaculty of Maritime Studies, University of Rijeka, Studentska 2, 51000 Rijeka, CroatiaFaculty of Maritime Studies, University of Rijeka, Studentska 2, 51000 Rijeka, CroatiaFaculty of Maritime Studies, University of Rijeka, Studentska 2, 51000 Rijeka, CroatiaCarbon emissions generated by the transportation sector represent a large part of total greenhouse gas emissions and are thus subject to various policies and initiatives for emission reduction and the development of sustainable transportation networks. Furthermore, passenger transportation generates a significant amount of emissions within this sector, especially in those countries with large and developed tourist sectors. Examples of such countries are Italy and Croatia, located in the Adriatic region, with a large portion of passengers between them being transported utilizing mainly maritime and/or road transportation modes. A proper analysis of the impact of these transportation mode choices on carbon emissions is essential to enable the selection of the optimal transportation mode for the particular transportation route with respect to the generated emissions. Therefore, this study determines the carbon emissions of the maritime and/or road transportation modes on the existing cross-border passenger transportation routes between Italy and Croatia. For the analysis, the Adriatic region was divided into three sections—the Northern, Middle, and Southern regions—each characterized by specific transportation routes defined by geographical features and distances. The results obtained from this research are presented as total carbon emissions for each transportation mode separately, based on each of three chosen routes in different regions. In addition, a carbon emission comparison between each transportation mode in regard to occupancy rate is performed and presented separately for each chosen route based on its specific distances, transportation means, and features. Finally, by providing an analysis of the existing state, this study can serve as a basis for Italy–Croatia cross-border passenger mobility network modernization and the introduction of new, sustainable, and multimodal transportation routes.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/10/4/459carbon emissionsoccupancy ratespassenger mobilitytransportation mode choicemaritime transportationroad transportation |
| spellingShingle | Josip Dujmović Tomislav Krljan Nikola Lopac Srđan Žuškin Emphasis on Occupancy Rates in Carbon Emission Comparison for Maritime and Road Passenger Transportation Modes Journal of Marine Science and Engineering carbon emissions occupancy rates passenger mobility transportation mode choice maritime transportation road transportation |
| title | Emphasis on Occupancy Rates in Carbon Emission Comparison for Maritime and Road Passenger Transportation Modes |
| title_full | Emphasis on Occupancy Rates in Carbon Emission Comparison for Maritime and Road Passenger Transportation Modes |
| title_fullStr | Emphasis on Occupancy Rates in Carbon Emission Comparison for Maritime and Road Passenger Transportation Modes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Emphasis on Occupancy Rates in Carbon Emission Comparison for Maritime and Road Passenger Transportation Modes |
| title_short | Emphasis on Occupancy Rates in Carbon Emission Comparison for Maritime and Road Passenger Transportation Modes |
| title_sort | emphasis on occupancy rates in carbon emission comparison for maritime and road passenger transportation modes |
| topic | carbon emissions occupancy rates passenger mobility transportation mode choice maritime transportation road transportation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/10/4/459 |
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