Effects of TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanotubes and Reduced Graphene Oxide on <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> and Preosteoblastic Cells at an Early Stage
The effects of TiO<sub>2</sub> nanotube (TNT) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) deposition onto titanium, which is widely used in dental implants, on <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> (<i>S. mutans</i>) and preosteoblastic cells were evaluated. TNTs were formed through a...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/2/1351 |
| Summary: | The effects of TiO<sub>2</sub> nanotube (TNT) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) deposition onto titanium, which is widely used in dental implants, on <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> (<i>S. mutans</i>) and preosteoblastic cells were evaluated. TNTs were formed through anodic oxidation on pure titanium, and rGO was deposited using an atmospheric plasma generator. The specimens used were divided into a control group of titanium specimens and three experimental groups: Group N (specimens with TNT formation), Group G (rGO-deposited specimens), and Group NG (specimens under rGO deposition after TNT formation). Adhesion of <i>S. mutans</i> to the surface was assessed after 24 h of culture using a crystal violet assay, while adhesion and proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells, a mouse preosteoblastic cell line, were evaluated after 24 and 72 h through a water-soluble tetrazolium salt assay. TNT formation and rGO deposition on titanium decreased <i>S. mutans</i> adhesion (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and increased MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion and proliferation (<i>p</i> < 0.0083). In Group NG, <i>S. mutans</i> adhesion was the lowest (<i>p</i> < 0.05), while MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation was the highest (<i>p</i> < 0.0083). In this study, TNT formation and rGO deposition on a pure titanium surface inhibited the adhesion of <i>S. mutans</i> at an early stage and increased the initial adhesion and proliferation of preosteoblastic cells. |
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| ISSN: | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |