Effects of TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanotubes and Reduced Graphene Oxide on <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> and Preosteoblastic Cells at an Early Stage
The effects of TiO<sub>2</sub> nanotube (TNT) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) deposition onto titanium, which is widely used in dental implants, on <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> (<i>S. mutans</i>) and preosteoblastic cells were evaluated. TNTs were formed through a...
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/2/1351 |
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| author | Min-Kyung Ji Hyeonji Kim Geonwoo Jeong Won-Jae Kim Je-Hwang Ryu Hoonsung Cho Hyun-Pil Lim |
| author_facet | Min-Kyung Ji Hyeonji Kim Geonwoo Jeong Won-Jae Kim Je-Hwang Ryu Hoonsung Cho Hyun-Pil Lim |
| author_sort | Min-Kyung Ji |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The effects of TiO<sub>2</sub> nanotube (TNT) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) deposition onto titanium, which is widely used in dental implants, on <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> (<i>S. mutans</i>) and preosteoblastic cells were evaluated. TNTs were formed through anodic oxidation on pure titanium, and rGO was deposited using an atmospheric plasma generator. The specimens used were divided into a control group of titanium specimens and three experimental groups: Group N (specimens with TNT formation), Group G (rGO-deposited specimens), and Group NG (specimens under rGO deposition after TNT formation). Adhesion of <i>S. mutans</i> to the surface was assessed after 24 h of culture using a crystal violet assay, while adhesion and proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells, a mouse preosteoblastic cell line, were evaluated after 24 and 72 h through a water-soluble tetrazolium salt assay. TNT formation and rGO deposition on titanium decreased <i>S. mutans</i> adhesion (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and increased MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion and proliferation (<i>p</i> < 0.0083). In Group NG, <i>S. mutans</i> adhesion was the lowest (<i>p</i> < 0.05), while MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation was the highest (<i>p</i> < 0.0083). In this study, TNT formation and rGO deposition on a pure titanium surface inhibited the adhesion of <i>S. mutans</i> at an early stage and increased the initial adhesion and proliferation of preosteoblastic cells. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:52:20Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:52:20Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-dab4a747759e44cc9cfa8859bda230d22024-01-29T14:00:04ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672024-01-01252135110.3390/ijms25021351Effects of TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanotubes and Reduced Graphene Oxide on <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> and Preosteoblastic Cells at an Early StageMin-Kyung Ji0Hyeonji Kim1Geonwoo Jeong2Won-Jae Kim3Je-Hwang Ryu4Hoonsung Cho5Hyun-Pil Lim6Dental 4D Research Center, Chonnam National University, 33 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, 33 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Materials Science & Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, 33 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Materials Science & Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of KoreaDental 4D Research Center, Chonnam National University, 33 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of KoreaThe effects of TiO<sub>2</sub> nanotube (TNT) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) deposition onto titanium, which is widely used in dental implants, on <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> (<i>S. mutans</i>) and preosteoblastic cells were evaluated. TNTs were formed through anodic oxidation on pure titanium, and rGO was deposited using an atmospheric plasma generator. The specimens used were divided into a control group of titanium specimens and three experimental groups: Group N (specimens with TNT formation), Group G (rGO-deposited specimens), and Group NG (specimens under rGO deposition after TNT formation). Adhesion of <i>S. mutans</i> to the surface was assessed after 24 h of culture using a crystal violet assay, while adhesion and proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells, a mouse preosteoblastic cell line, were evaluated after 24 and 72 h through a water-soluble tetrazolium salt assay. TNT formation and rGO deposition on titanium decreased <i>S. mutans</i> adhesion (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and increased MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion and proliferation (<i>p</i> < 0.0083). In Group NG, <i>S. mutans</i> adhesion was the lowest (<i>p</i> < 0.05), while MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation was the highest (<i>p</i> < 0.0083). In this study, TNT formation and rGO deposition on a pure titanium surface inhibited the adhesion of <i>S. mutans</i> at an early stage and increased the initial adhesion and proliferation of preosteoblastic cells.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/2/1351TiO<sub>2</sub> nanotubesreduced graphene oxidenonthermal atmospheric plasma<i>Streptococcus mutans</i>preosteoblastic cells |
| spellingShingle | Min-Kyung Ji Hyeonji Kim Geonwoo Jeong Won-Jae Kim Je-Hwang Ryu Hoonsung Cho Hyun-Pil Lim Effects of TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanotubes and Reduced Graphene Oxide on <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> and Preosteoblastic Cells at an Early Stage International Journal of Molecular Sciences TiO<sub>2</sub> nanotubes reduced graphene oxide nonthermal atmospheric plasma <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> preosteoblastic cells |
| title | Effects of TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanotubes and Reduced Graphene Oxide on <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> and Preosteoblastic Cells at an Early Stage |
| title_full | Effects of TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanotubes and Reduced Graphene Oxide on <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> and Preosteoblastic Cells at an Early Stage |
| title_fullStr | Effects of TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanotubes and Reduced Graphene Oxide on <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> and Preosteoblastic Cells at an Early Stage |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanotubes and Reduced Graphene Oxide on <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> and Preosteoblastic Cells at an Early Stage |
| title_short | Effects of TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanotubes and Reduced Graphene Oxide on <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> and Preosteoblastic Cells at an Early Stage |
| title_sort | effects of tio sub 2 sub nanotubes and reduced graphene oxide on i streptococcus mutans i and preosteoblastic cells at an early stage |
| topic | TiO<sub>2</sub> nanotubes reduced graphene oxide nonthermal atmospheric plasma <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> preosteoblastic cells |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/2/1351 |
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