Bedrock Fragment Induced by Intensive Tillage Effect on Hydrological Properties and Erosion Processes under Different Rainfall Patterns
To investigate the influence of bedrock fragmentation by intensive tillage on the hydrological characteristics and soil erosion processes on slopes, two experimental treatments (soil–bedrock mixtures, WB, and pure soil, CK) in steel tanks were subjected to simulated rainfall under five rainfall patt...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/11/2794 |
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| author | Yong Wang Zhouyao He Yixiong Zhang Gang Wang Xiong Huang |
| author_facet | Yong Wang Zhouyao He Yixiong Zhang Gang Wang Xiong Huang |
| author_sort | Yong Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | To investigate the influence of bedrock fragmentation by intensive tillage on the hydrological characteristics and soil erosion processes on slopes, two experimental treatments (soil–bedrock mixtures, WB, and pure soil, CK) in steel tanks were subjected to simulated rainfall under five rainfall patterns (constant, increasing, decreasing, decreasing–increasing, and increasing–decreasing) with the same total rainfall of 90 mm. For each rainfall event, runoff and sediment concentration were sampled at regular intervals. The flow velocity (<i>v</i>), effective/critical shear stress (<i>τ</i>/<i>τ<sub>c</sub></i>), Darcy–Weisbach resistance coefficient (<i>f</i>), unit stream power (<i>p</i>), and soil erodibility factor (<i>Kr</i>) were calculated to analyze the differences in hydrodynamic characteristics between the WB and CK. Our experimental findings show that significant differences in runoff volume and sediment yield were observed among different rainfall patterns and stages. Bedrock fragmenting significantly promoted runoff and sediment production under different rainfall patterns, with runoff volume and sediment yield increasing by averages of 59.29% and 71.62%, respectively. An increasing trend in average contribution rate of bedrock to runoff volume and sediment yield was observed across three distinct intensities: 6.37% and 4.61% for 30 mm h<sup>−1</sup>, 12.53% and 7.53% for 90 mm h<sup>−1</sup>, as well as 14.79% and 36.98% for 150 mm h<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. The <i>v</i> and <i>p</i> values under various rainfall patterns exhibited an increasing trend from the upper to the bottom slope positions, whereas the <i>f</i> and <i>τ</i> values showed an opposite trend, regardless of the WB and CK. Compared with the CK, the <i>v</i>, <i>f</i>, and <i>p</i> values for the WB increased by 23.34% to 48.94%, 1.59% to 53.16%, and 3.86% to 27.86%, respectively, whereas the <i>τ</i> value decreased by 1.52% to 22.19% for varying-intensity rainfall patterns. Among the variable rainfall patterns, the WB significantly increased sediment yield and also had a promoting effect on runoff generation. However, the WB displayed better erosion resistance compared to the CK under constant rainfall patterns. Therefore, varied-intensity patterns had a profound impact on bedrock-induced runoff and sediment transport processes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:06:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dac44841823f475bb819f15f7b449dd5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:06:50Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-dac44841823f475bb819f15f7b449dd52023-11-24T14:24:02ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952023-11-011311279410.3390/agronomy13112794Bedrock Fragment Induced by Intensive Tillage Effect on Hydrological Properties and Erosion Processes under Different Rainfall PatternsYong Wang0Zhouyao He1Yixiong Zhang2Gang Wang3Xiong Huang4College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaTo investigate the influence of bedrock fragmentation by intensive tillage on the hydrological characteristics and soil erosion processes on slopes, two experimental treatments (soil–bedrock mixtures, WB, and pure soil, CK) in steel tanks were subjected to simulated rainfall under five rainfall patterns (constant, increasing, decreasing, decreasing–increasing, and increasing–decreasing) with the same total rainfall of 90 mm. For each rainfall event, runoff and sediment concentration were sampled at regular intervals. The flow velocity (<i>v</i>), effective/critical shear stress (<i>τ</i>/<i>τ<sub>c</sub></i>), Darcy–Weisbach resistance coefficient (<i>f</i>), unit stream power (<i>p</i>), and soil erodibility factor (<i>Kr</i>) were calculated to analyze the differences in hydrodynamic characteristics between the WB and CK. Our experimental findings show that significant differences in runoff volume and sediment yield were observed among different rainfall patterns and stages. Bedrock fragmenting significantly promoted runoff and sediment production under different rainfall patterns, with runoff volume and sediment yield increasing by averages of 59.29% and 71.62%, respectively. An increasing trend in average contribution rate of bedrock to runoff volume and sediment yield was observed across three distinct intensities: 6.37% and 4.61% for 30 mm h<sup>−1</sup>, 12.53% and 7.53% for 90 mm h<sup>−1</sup>, as well as 14.79% and 36.98% for 150 mm h<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. The <i>v</i> and <i>p</i> values under various rainfall patterns exhibited an increasing trend from the upper to the bottom slope positions, whereas the <i>f</i> and <i>τ</i> values showed an opposite trend, regardless of the WB and CK. Compared with the CK, the <i>v</i>, <i>f</i>, and <i>p</i> values for the WB increased by 23.34% to 48.94%, 1.59% to 53.16%, and 3.86% to 27.86%, respectively, whereas the <i>τ</i> value decreased by 1.52% to 22.19% for varying-intensity rainfall patterns. Among the variable rainfall patterns, the WB significantly increased sediment yield and also had a promoting effect on runoff generation. However, the WB displayed better erosion resistance compared to the CK under constant rainfall patterns. Therefore, varied-intensity patterns had a profound impact on bedrock-induced runoff and sediment transport processes.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/11/2794simulated rainfallbedrock fragmentrainfall patternshydrological characteristics |
| spellingShingle | Yong Wang Zhouyao He Yixiong Zhang Gang Wang Xiong Huang Bedrock Fragment Induced by Intensive Tillage Effect on Hydrological Properties and Erosion Processes under Different Rainfall Patterns Agronomy simulated rainfall bedrock fragment rainfall patterns hydrological characteristics |
| title | Bedrock Fragment Induced by Intensive Tillage Effect on Hydrological Properties and Erosion Processes under Different Rainfall Patterns |
| title_full | Bedrock Fragment Induced by Intensive Tillage Effect on Hydrological Properties and Erosion Processes under Different Rainfall Patterns |
| title_fullStr | Bedrock Fragment Induced by Intensive Tillage Effect on Hydrological Properties and Erosion Processes under Different Rainfall Patterns |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bedrock Fragment Induced by Intensive Tillage Effect on Hydrological Properties and Erosion Processes under Different Rainfall Patterns |
| title_short | Bedrock Fragment Induced by Intensive Tillage Effect on Hydrological Properties and Erosion Processes under Different Rainfall Patterns |
| title_sort | bedrock fragment induced by intensive tillage effect on hydrological properties and erosion processes under different rainfall patterns |
| topic | simulated rainfall bedrock fragment rainfall patterns hydrological characteristics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/11/2794 |
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